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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Investigation of Carbon Footprint of some Industrial Crops of Iran},pdfauthor={Sara Bakhshaei, Alireza Koocheki, Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati, Somayeh Bakhshaei, Ali Tabarraei},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Canola, Carbon Footprint, Cotton, GHG Emission, Soybean},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Investigation of Carbon Footprint of some Industrial Crops of Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sara Bakhshaei, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Dept. of Agronomy, Hashemiyeh 25, Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{sa.bakhshaie@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sara Bakhshaei, Alireza Koocheki, Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati, Somayeh Bakhshaei, Ali Tabarraei}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Dept. of Agronomy, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Bakhshaei, Sara}
\index[author]{Koocheki, Alireza}
\index[author]{Nassiri Mahallati, Mehdi}
\index[author]{Bakhshaei, Somayeh}
\index[author]{Tabarraei, Ali}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Over the past century, due to the expansion of industrial activities, the chemical composition of the atmosphere has changed, thereby giving rise to significant changes in the global climate. Changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere are due to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases with the presence of these gases in the atmosphere exacerbating the greenhouse effect. Agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Although there are various types of greenhouse gases, the research on the effects of these gases suggests that CO$_{2}$ is the most effective greenhouse gas. In general, some studies have shown that changes in the climate will influence the biodiversity of soil, and subsequently vegetation over the surface of the soil directly through changes in physical and chemical properties of the environment and indirectly through changing the growth and composition of biological communities, which ultimately trigger changes in ecological functions and processes of ecosystems. The carbon footprint is the analysis of the total greenhouse gas emissions from inputs in the production cycle of a product. To understand and improve the methods of reducing carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases produced during the crop production processes, there has been a growing tendency to estimate carbon footprint in industry and agriculture. In order to investigate of carbon footprint of some industrial crops (Canola, Cotton and Soybean) of Iran, this study was conducted. The data was collected for 5 years (2006--2011). Data collected included the amounts of fertilisers (N, P and K), herbicides, insecticides and fungicides used, human labour, diesel fuel, and total yield for each crop. The result also showed that Soybean had a lower carbon footprint (0.4) than Cotton (0.65) and Canola (0.99). The use of nitrogen fertilisers and fossil fuels represent a major source of input pollution in Industrial crops production of Iran. Low"=efficiency of irrigation system leads to the huge loss of irrigation water, which in turn aggravates the leaching of soil nutrients and chemical fertilisers.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Canola, Carbon Footprint, Cotton, GHG Emission, Soybean
\index[key]{Canola}
\index[key]{Carbon Footprint}
\index[key]{Cotton}
\index[key]{GHG Emission}
\index[key]{Soybean}
\end{document}
