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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Improving the Sustainability of Agricultural Production in the Context of Changing Climate Conditions},pdfauthor={Mykola Miroshnychenko, Yevheniia Hladkikh, Olesiia Syabryk},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agricultural production, CO2 sequestration/emissions, nutrient management, nutrient reserve, soil fertility, water use efficiency},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Improving the Sustainability of Agricultural Production in the Context of Changing Climate Conditions\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Yevheniia Hladkikh, National Scientific Center, Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky, Chaikovska 4, 61024~Kharkiv, Ukraine, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ye.hladkikh@ukr.net}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mykola Miroshnychenko, Yevheniia Hladkikh, Olesiia Syabryk}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{National Scientific Center, Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky, Ukraine}}}
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\index[author]{Miroshnychenko, Mykola}
\index[author]{Hladkikh, Yevheniia}
\index[author]{Syabryk, Olesiia}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Extreme weather in most cases affects agriculture dramatically. Yield losses from adverse weather conditions can reach 45--\mbox{50\,\%}, and a combination of several adverse events (e.g. freezing, drought) - \mbox{70\,\%} or more. However, traditional measures for mitigation of such effects don't take into account the importance of water"=nutrients interaction. The main purpose of our research is determining the effectiveness of plant nutrition management as a factor of improved resilience of the ``soil"=plant'' system to extreme weather events, which are typical for modern climate change conditions.



Several long term and temporary field experiments were conducted. As far back as 1969, a long"=term stationary experiment begun in Kharkiv region (East Ukraine) on a typical Chernozem soil, to investigate the influence of different kinds, rates, terms and conditions of mineral fertiliser application on the transformation of soil properties and resilience of crops to different climate conditions. Temporary field experiments were carried out on a podzolic Chernozem to monitor the dynamics of carbon dioxide sequestration/emissions from soil using a portable gas analyzer ``testo 535''.



Our research shows that the most flexible methods to improve water use efficiency are agrochemical measurements such as the creation of agro"=chemical backgrounds (P1800 into reserve) with a high content of residual phosphates. A high soil P-content can reduce the water use per ton of dry matter production of corn and sugar beet by 20--\mbox{25\,\%}. Through the localisation of fertilisers at a certain depth (in 3 times deeper than the depth location of seeds) the total loss of soil moisture for creating a unit of crop yield is reduced by 15\%-\mbox{24\,\%}. Improving plant nutrition management such as a increasing the reserve potassium in the soil leads to increasing use efficiency of nitrogen under extreme weather conditions and leads to higher yields of 20 \%; creating a strong phosphorus"=potassium background increases the crop yields by \mbox{60\,\%}.



The increased carbon sequestration in the soil is realised through the transition from traditional methods of agriculture to conservation, which includes: the use of improved farming systems (using mini"=till), the cultivation of cover crops, application of organic fertilisers and the use of crop residues.



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agricultural production, CO\unitfrac[2]{sequestration}{emissions}, nutrient management, nutrient reserve, soil fertility, water use efficiency
\index[key]{Agricultural!production}
\index[key]{CO\unitfrac[2]{sequestration}{emissions}}
\index[key]{Nutrient!management}
\index[key]{Nutrient!reserve}
\index[key]{Soil!fertility}
\index[key]{Water!use efficiency}
\end{document}
