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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Transgenic Crops and Fair Use of Genetic Resources: Legal Consideration for Iran Biosafety Law},pdfauthor={Mina Mohajer, Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food security, genetically modified organisms, Iran, strict liability},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Transgenic Crops and Fair Use of Genetic Resources: Legal Consideration for Iran Biosafety Law\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani, Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Agroecology, Evin street, 1983963113~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mmd323@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mina Mohajer$^{1}$, Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Ershad Damavand, Department of Law, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Agroecology, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Mohajer, Mina}
\index[author]{Mahdavi Damghani, Abdolmajid}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
There are much debate about transgenic crops and their environmental, legal and safety fairness during last decade all around the world. While one group believe that transgenic crops can solve the global hunger and bring sustainable food security, especially in marginal lands and regions where environmental stresses and constraints have limited food production, other group claim that transgenic crops and products have more disadvantages and threats than advantages for food security, biodiversity and consumer rights. Therefore, it seems that, according to their unknowingness and related risks, developing a special legal regime based on passing specific law for Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is necessary. Based on proving actual and potential risks of GMO and the complexity of fault provision, pertaining inter"=relations of damaged person and the other party on a contractual or conventional civil liability will not be perfect because of many factors including lack of mutual relation of these parties in many cases and difficulty of fault provision. Many countries have developed special own regimes including strict liability or referring common law which seems to be the best approach to face the issue. The main deficiency of Iran national biosafety law, comparing international law, is rooted in strict liability and mechanism of compensation for damaged person which lies in its tendency to conventional fault provision in civil liability (Article 1, Common liability law). Protection of damaged person against giant financial companies which usually access to greater power an able to insure their responsibility, pertaining damages to strict liability seems viable.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food security, genetically modified organisms, Iran, strict liability
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Genetically modified organisms}
\index[key]{Iran}
\index[key]{Strict liability}
\end{document}
