\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Effects of Processing Type of Wheat Straw on Degradability, Diet Digestibility and Performance of Holstein Replacement Heifers},pdfauthor={Taimour Tanha, Mokhtar Fathi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Degradability, urea treatment, wheat straw},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{The Effects of Processing Type of Wheat Straw on Degradability, Diet Digestibility and Performance of Holstein Replacement Heifers\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Taimour Tanha, Department of agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran, Agriculture, The West of Shaid Bagheri, 098~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{tanha1351@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Taimour Tanha$^{1}$, Mokhtar Fathi$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Department of agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran, Agriculture, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran, Agriculture, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Tanha, Taimour}
\index[author]{Fathi, Mokhtar}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The study investigated effects of urea treated wheat straw on degradability, digestibility and the growing performance of Holstein heifers. 18 Holstein heifers (average body weight 224.72 $\pm$ \mbox{20.45\,kg} and average age 210.5$\pm$12 days) were divided into 3 groups and fed isonitrogenous diets. The diets were composed of 60\% concentrate and either 1) \mbox{40\,\%} chopped wheat straw (CWT); or 2) \mbox{40\,\%} treated baled wheat straw with \mbox{5\,\%} urea (TBWS); or 3) \mbox{40\,\%} treated chopped wheat straw with \mbox{5\,\%} urea (TCWS). \textit{In~situ}  average dry matter degradability (DMD) of  TBWS and TCWS at zero time, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours' were higher in relation to CWT ($p < 0.05$).  Effective rumen degradability of dry matter in TBWS and TCWS was higher than CWS ($p < 0.05$). A (the soluble nutrient fraction) and b (the proportion of insoluble nutrient, which is potentially degradable by micrograms) were increased in TBWS and TCWS than CWS ($p < 0.05$). Apparent dry matter intake digestibility in CWS, TBWS and TCWS was 44.9, 48.4 and \mbox{48.8\,\%} respectively and treatments with urea improved utilisation of dry matter intake in TBWS and TCWS compared to CWT ($p < 0.05$). Average daily gain (ADG) was 698, 881, 882\,gr\,d\textsuperscript{-1} in CWS, TBWS and TCWS respectively ($p < 0.05$). Dry matter intake (DMI) was 8.8, 10 and 10.2\,kg\,d\textsuperscript{-1} in CWS, TBWS and TCWS respectively ($p < 0.05$). In general, considering the similar results of TBWS and TCWS on animal's performance and feasibility of treating baled wheat straw with urea, this method is recommended.







}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Degradability, urea treatment, wheat straw
\index[key]{Degradability}
\index[key]{Urea treatment}
\index[key]{Wheat straw}
\end{document}
