\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Corporate State in Natural Gas and Related Investments on Land},pdfauthor={Opportuna Kweka Kweka, Opportuna Kweka, Opportuna Kweka},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Investments, land, natural gas, natural resources, state},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{The Corporate State in Natural Gas and Related Investments on Land\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Opportuna Kweka Kweka, University of Dar Es Salaam, Geography, 55 Darajani, 35049~Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{okweka@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Opportuna Kweka Kweka$^{1}$, Opportuna Kweka$^{2}$, Opportuna Kweka$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Dar Es Salaam, Geography, Tanzania}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Dar Es Salaam, Geography, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Dar Es Salaam, Geography, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Kweka, Opportuna Kweka}
\index[author]{Kweka, Opportuna}
\index[author]{Kweka, Opportuna}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This paper examines whether the changing role of the state following neoliberalism and promotion of privatisation and public private partnerships have led to a developmental state. The paper is doing that through examining the current structure of the state in Tanzania especially in the investments in natural resources. The state in Tanzania has created commercial institutions which are also powerful and have the corporate acts, of which, as the paper argues, accumulation and profit are their main goals instead of fairness in the distribution. It is said that the state is no longer involving itself in the economy but only create policies and laws, but the state in  Tanzania has institutions and structures that allow state monopoly and accumulation especially from natural resources such as land. This paper argues that while the state in developing world is expected to create solidarity towards fairness in the use of resources, thus a developmental state, it has turned into a corporate state that is accumulating profits through certain individuals and institutions.  This has led to increased inequalities and poverty in developing world. 



The paper is based on a field study that was conducted in southern regions in Tanzania which are the poorest regions in the country.  The study followed a number of projects directly and those related to natural gas. The study used qualitative approach and interview state officials. The fieldwork for this paper was done as a part of a large project on: Hierarchies of Land Rights: Large Scale Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa'' which is funded by DANIDA through the Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam. The fieldwork data were collected together with Rasmus Pedersen. However, the ideas contained in this paper are solely that of the author. 



}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Investments, land, natural gas, natural resources, state
\index[key]{Investments}
\index[key]{Land}
\index[key]{Natural!gas}
\index[key]{Natural!resources}
\index[key]{State}
\end{document}
