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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emission and Global Warming Potential of Wheat Production in Aligoudarz, Iran},pdfauthor={Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani, Hadi Veisi, Saeed Jamshidi, Houman Liaghati, Omid Nouri Roudsari, Mina Mohajer},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Energy use efficiency, Global warming potential, Sustainability, wheat},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emission and Global Warming Potential of Wheat Production in Aligoudarz, Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani, Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Agroecology, Evin street, 1983963113~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mmd323@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani$^{1}$, Hadi Veisi$^{2}$, Saeed Jamshidi$^{3}$, Houman Liaghati$^{4}$, Omid Nouri Roudsari$^{5}$, Mina Mohajer$^{6}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Agroecology, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Shahid Behehti University, Agroecology, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Shahid Beheshti University, Department of Agroecology, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$University of Ershad Damavand, Department of Law, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Mahdavi Damghani, Abdolmajid}
\index[author]{Veisi, Hadi}
\index[author]{Jamshidi, Saeed}
\index[author]{Liaghati, Houman}
\index[author]{Nouri Roudsari, Omid}
\index[author]{Mohajer, Mina}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Sustainable food production systems require efficient use of limited and valuable resources, especially in arid and semi"=arid regions where resource scarcity is more severe. In other hand, agroecosystems are currently under an increasing pressure to minimise greenhouse gas emission to reduce impacts of climate change worldwide. The objectives of this study were to assess the energy flow, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and global warming potential (GWP) of wheat production systems in Aligoudarz County, western Iran. The data were collected from 200 wheat agroecosystems which were selected based on randomly sampled method in the summer of 2014 by face to face interview. The results indicated that total input and output energy were 58,002 and 117,250 MJ ha-1, respectively. The highest share of total input energy in wheat production systems was recorded for electricity power, N fertiliser and diesel fuel with 37, 17 and \mbox{11\,\%}, respectively. Energy use efficiency and energy productivity were 2.02 and \mbox{0.08\,kg} MJ-1, respectively. \mbox{56\,\%} of energy consumption was direct and \mbox{44\,\%} of energy consumption was indirect energy use in wheat production systems. Results also revealed that \mbox{72\,\%} of energy consumed was from non"=renewable sources. Applying various inputs produced the following emissions of greenhouse gases: \mbox{1470.46\,kg} CO$_{2}$, \mbox{53.31\,kg} N$_{2}$O and \mbox{0.121\,kg} CH$_{4}^{}$ per hectare. In terms of CO$_{2}$ equivalents, \mbox{8\,\%} of the GWPs came from CO$_{2}$, \mbox{90\,\%} from N$_{2}$O, and \mbox{2\,\%} from CH$_{4}^{}$. Accordingly, efficient use of energy is essential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact in wheat agroecosystems in western arable lands of Iran.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Energy use efficiency, Global warming potential, Sustainability, wheat
\index[key]{Energy use efficiency}
\index[key]{Global warming potential}
\index[key]{Sustainability}
\index[key]{Wheat}
\end{document}
