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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Conservation and Use of the Genetic Resources of African Staple Crops},pdfauthor={Michael Abberton},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Genebanks, genetic resources, ITPGRFA, phytosanitary, sub-Saharan Africa},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Conservation and Use of the Genetic Resources of African Staple Crops\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Michael Abberton, Iita, Oyo Rd, PMB 5320~Ibadan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{m.abberton@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Michael Abberton}}
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\item[]{\small{\textit{Iita, Nigeria}}}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Access to genetic resources is fundamental to progress in crop improvement and hence to sustainable intensification of agriculture. At the Genetic Resources Centre, IITA we hold in trust major international collections of most of the staple crops of sub-Saharan Africa: cassava, maize, yam, banana/plantain, soybean and cowpea. These collections are part of the multilateral system under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). Major scientific advances are contributing to our ability to effectively characterise and evaluate accessions. Genomics approaches, for example next generation sequencing, are emerging as  powerful tools for genebank management and linking genotype to phenotype as foundations for pre breeding and breeding. GIS based approaches are also contributing to the delineation of trait based subsets better tailored to the requirements of breeders than core or mini core collections.



However, the movement of germplasm, on which breeding programmes throughout the developing world depend, is increasingly threatened.  Firstly, there are many significant phytosanitary challenges to the safe movement of germplasm. Significant advances in diagnostics and, for example, virus cleaning in clonal crops, have been achieved. But there is still a need for more investment particularly with respect to national quarantine services in many countries. Further the policy environment for collection and transfer of germplasm is increasingly uncertain in many parts of the world.  The ratification of the Nagoya Protocol of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) may contribute to this uncertainty but in many cases the issue is at the level of national governments  who may have ratified the ITPGRFA but do not abide by its precepts.







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Genebanks, genetic resources, ITPGRFA, phytosanitary, sub-Saharan Africa
\index[key]{Genebanks}
\index[key]{Genetic resources}
\index[key]{ITPGRFA}
\index[key]{Phytosanitary}
\index[key]{Sub-Saharan Africa}
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