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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Initial Establishment of \textit{Brachiaria Brizantha} under Elevated CO$_{2}$ Atmospheric Condition: Forage Production and Chemical Composition},pdfauthor={Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho, Gabriel Sakita, Dineshkumar Dhanasekaran, Letícia de Abreu Faria, Egon Hion Ieda, Raquel Ghini, Adibe Luiz Abdalla, Marisa de Cássia Piccolo},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Climate change, FACE, grass, livestock, pasture},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Initial Establishment of \textit{Brachiaria Brizantha} under Elevated CO$_{2}$ Atmospheric Condition: Forage Production and Chemical Composition\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Av. Centenário, nº 303  Caixa Postal 96 , 13400-970~Piracicaba, Brazil, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{adibe.filho@yahoo.com.br}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho$^{1}$, Gabriel Sakita$^{1}$, Dineshkumar Dhanasekaran$^{1}$, Letícia de Abreu Faria$^{1}$, Egon Hion Ieda$^{1}$, Raquel Ghini$^{2}$, Adibe Luiz Abdalla$^{1}$, Marisa de Cássia Piccolo$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Brazil}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Embrapa Environment, Brazil}}}
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\index[author]{Abdalla Filho, Adibe Luiz}
\index[author]{Sakita, Gabriel}
\index[author]{Dhanasekaran, Dineshkumar}
\index[author]{Faria, Letícia de Abreu}
\index[author]{Ieda, Egon Hion}
\index[author]{Ghini, Raquel}
\index[author]{Abdalla, Adibe Luiz}
\index[author]{Piccolo, Marisa de Cássia}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Increase in atmospheric CO$_{2}$ is a predictable aspect of climate change and few studies evaluate the effects on grasses used in Brazilian pastures, where major part of livestock production is based. This study evaluated forage production and chemical composition at the establishment of \textit{Brachiaria brizantha} cv. Marandu under elevated CO$_{2}$ atmospheric condition in a FACE facility at an experimental field in Jaguariúna-SP. In October 2015, the forage was seeded (\mbox{6\,kg} ha$^{-1}$) in plots (5.8 m$^{2}$) inside each of 12 octagonal rings (\mbox{10\,m} diameter), six under ambient conditions (490 $\mu$mol mol-1 CO$_{2}$; Control) and other six with pure CO$_{2}$ flux to achieve a higher target concentration (550 $\mu$mol mol-1 CO$_{2}$; Elevated CO$_{2}$). Aiming soil fertilisation, N, P and K were applied (40, 82 and \mbox{41\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ of N, P$_{2}$O$_{5}$, and K$_{2}$O, respectively) in all plots. Seventy days after the seeding, initial fresh biomass (kg FM ha$^{-1}$) production was determined by collecting and weighing the total biomass produced above \mbox{20\,cm} (grazing portion) and then dried in a forced circulation oven (72h at 60 ºC) to obtain total initial dry biomass produced (kg MS ha$^{-1}$). Samples were grinded (1 mm) and used to determine the content of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) according to AOAC (2011), neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom), acid detergent fiber (ADFom) and lignin (LIG) according to Van Soest et al. (1991) and Udén et al. (2005). Hemicellulose (HEMI) and cellulose (CEL) were calculated. During the 70 days, the environmental conditions were 23.5 ºC of mean temperature, 476 mm of accumulated rainfall and at \mbox{61.1\,\%} of the time the CO$_{2}$ levels were within the target concentration on the Elevated CO$_{2}$ treatment. The biomass production was higher ($p < 0.05$) in Elevated CO$_{2}$ treatment than Control, without significant differences ($p > 0.05$) for its chemical composition. These results indicate that under elevated CO$_{2}$ atmospheric condition, \textit{Brachiaria brizantha} cv. Marandu may have higher forage availability without compromising its fibre composition, contributing to the sustainability of a pasture"=based livestock production.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Climate change, FACE, grass, livestock, pasture
\index[key]{Climate change}
\index[key]{Livestock}
\index[key]{Pasture}
\end{document}
