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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Perceptions on Trade"=offs Between Development Outcomes Along the Okavango River},pdfauthor={Thomas Falk, Lawrence Brown, Tobias Vorlaufer, Maike Ritzer },pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Development trade-offs, discrete choice experiments, heterogeneous preferences, Okavango Basin, Southern Africa},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Perceptions on Trade"=offs Between Development Outcomes Along the Okavango River\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Thomas Falk, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Research Program Resilient Dryland Systems, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, India, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{t.falk@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Thomas Falk$^{1}$, Lawrence Brown$^{2}$, Tobias Vorlaufer$^{3}$, Maike Ritzer $^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Research Program Resilient Dryland Systems, India}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Marburg, Development and Cooperative Economics, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Marburg, Development and Cooperative Economics, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Marburg, Development and Cooperative Economics, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Falk, Thomas}
\index[author]{Brown, Lawrence}
\index[author]{Vorlaufer, Tobias}
\index[author]{Ritzer , Maike}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Policy makers are confronted with complex trade"=offs between conservation, economic, political and social agendas across multiple scales. Critical public choices have to be made also in the Okavango Basin in southern Africa. In this context, policy makers in Angola, Namibia and Botswana want to know which future their constituents envision.



On the basis of multiple stakeholder discussions critical outcomes of hypothetical development scenarios in the Okavango Basin were identified. We examine the perceptions of local communities on these development outcomes using discrete choice experiments (DCE). Empirical data have been collected at four sites in the direct vicinity of the Okavango River.



The results confirm that the people along the Okavango highly value the river and its related resources. Nevertheless, in particular employment opportunities and public infrastructure are very important too. Perceptions within the community are most heterogeneous regarding wildlife and forest dynamics. This can largely be explained by the strong trade"=offs implied in these two attributes. Generally, most people being concerned about river health cannot be called conservationists. Most of them are willing to sacrifice wildlife and forests for agricultural development. We observe heterogeneity on preference orders within each site but this heterogeneity does not vary substantially across the sites. In this sense we do not observe strong differences in development perspectives between communities up- or downstream.



A pessimistic conclusion from our results would that at least part of the local residents along the river would be willing to accept ecological degradation as long as there is economic development. A more optimistic view is, however, that development pathways which maintain a healthy river and still bring economic development would be most preferred. The key task for national policy makers and the international community is therefore to find ways how economic development and nature conservation can be harmonised.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Development trade"=offs, discrete choice experiments, heterogeneous preferences, Okavango Basin, Southern Africa
\index[key]{Development!trade"=offs}
\index[key]{Discrete choice experiments}
\index[key]{Heterogeneous preferences}
\index[key]{Okavango Basin}
\index[key]{Southern Africa}
\end{document}
