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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Production of Biogas as an Alternative Fuel for Domestic Use},pdfauthor={Osama Osman Ali, Basheer Musbah Abdelhakeem, El Bashir Ali Hammad, Aboubakar Aghmari Alamin, Hamed  Abdulgadir Mohammed},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biogas, domestic, environment, fermentation, waste},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Production of Biogas as an Alternative Fuel for Domestic Use\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Osama Osman Ali, Alneelain University, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, 11121~North Khartoum, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{osama12660@hotmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Osama Osman Ali$^{1}$, Basheer Musbah Abdelhakeem$^{2}$, El Bashir Ali Hammad$^{1}$, Aboubakar Aghmari Alamin$^{2}$, Hamed  Abdulgadir Mohammed$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Alneelain University, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Sebha University, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Libya}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Osman Ali, Osama}
\index[author]{Abdelhakeem, Basheer Musbah}
\index[author]{Ali Hammad, El Bashir}
\index[author]{Alamin, Aboubakar Aghmari}
\index[author]{Abdulgadir Mohammed, Hamed }
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
An experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Sebha University, Libya during 2014/2015 to study the production of biogas as an alternative fuel for domestic use in the surrounding areas. Relative amounts of biogas producible from remnants (dung, dropping) of cows, camels, sheep, chickens and damaged fruit (fruit waste) were investigated.



A special steel tank (biogas digester) allowed fermentation of the experimental materials and the collection of the produced biogas. The remnants were mixed with water and added to the steel tank (calculated amount). A gas flame test was done to test ability of gas inflammation by using a burner. The actual gas production started three weeks after putting the remnants in the tank. 



Also a laboratory assay  was used to measure the gas volume by using three measuring cylinders: one of these cylinder received a waste - water mix, the second cylinder was packedwith water and the third cylinder was left empty. 



Biogas produced from the dung of cow, camel, sheep, chicken and fruit waste was found to average 320.6 cm$^{3}$\,kg\textsuperscript{-1}, 342.32 cm$^{3}$\,kg\textsuperscript{-1}, 316.64 cm$^{3}$\,kg\textsuperscript{-1}, 486.68 cm$^{3}$\,kg\textsuperscript{-1} and 483.32 cm$^{3}$\,kg\textsuperscript{-1}, respectively.



Chicken manure gave the highest gas production per kg, followed by fruit waste, while dung of camels, sheep and cows recorded the lowest production. This could be due to a longer fermentation time needed for these remnants as compared to chicken dung and fruit waste.



On the base of this result we conclude that animal and plant waste could be used efficiently and environmental friendly for gas production.



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biogas, domestic, environment, fermentation, waste
\index[key]{Biogas}
\index[key]{Domestic}
\index[key]{Environment}
\index[key]{Fermentation}
\index[key]{Waste}
\end{document}
