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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security in Zambia},pdfauthor={William Nkomoki, Bohumil Mandák, Tatiana Ivanova, Jan Banout},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Adaptation, agriculture, climate change, food security, impacts, perception, Zambia},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security in Zambia\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} William Nkomoki, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Sustainable Technologies, Kamycka 1281 165 00, 6 Suchdol~Prague, Czech Republic, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{nkomoki@ftz.czu.cz}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{William Nkomoki, Bohumil Mandák, Tatiana Ivanova, Jan Banout}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech Republic}}}
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\index[author]{Nkomoki, William}
\index[author]{Mandák, Bohumil}
\index[author]{Ivanova, Tatiana}
\index[author]{Banout, Jan}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In Zambia, climate variability and related events have serious consequences on food security for majority of small scale farmers who depend on rain"=fed agriculture for their livelihood. The main objective of this study is to establish and examine the effects of climate variability on food security in Northern and Southern parts of Zambia. Specific objectives are: 1) to investigate the perception of the farmers on awareness of climate variability and change; 2) to examine the influence of climate variability and food security phenomenon with particular focus on maize production; 3) to identify the adaptation measures adopted by small scale farmers to avert climate variability in response to food security. Structured questionnaires were administered to the heads of household among 117 small scale farmers comprising of questions divided into demographic sections, farmers' perception on climate variables, agriculture adaptations and coping strategies. The category of sampling design employed a multi"=stage sampling with districts been purposely selected based on differences in the rainfall pattern while random selection was employed for households. Data analysis is done in the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) tool. 



The results indicate that farmers are aware of the changes in climate across the study area. Climate variability has contributed to decrease in crop yield. However, some farmers have adapted to these changes by adopting different strategies such as crop diversification and conservation farming. In times of food shortages, major coping strategies include dependence on food aid, asset sales, reduction in meals consumed per day, food and cash borrowing. It is concluded that the effects of climate change on food security cannot be overlooked and needs essential steps to support the small scale farmers to adapt and maintain the food situation. It is recommended that for an improvement in food situation, creating specialised growing zones across the county where crops are grown according to suitability of area is crucial. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Adaptation, agriculture, climate change, food security, impacts, perception, Zambia
\index[key]{Adaptation}
\index[key]{Agriculture}
\index[key]{Climate change}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Impacts}
\index[key]{Perception}
\index[key]{Zambia}
\end{document}
