\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Consumers' Choice of Retail Outlets for African Indigenous Vegetables: Empirical Evidence in Rural and Urban Households in Kenya},pdfauthor={Eric Gido, Oscar Ayuya, Owuor George, Wolfgang Bokelmann},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={African indigenous vegetables, choice, multinomial Probit model, retail outlet, rural, urban },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Consumers' Choice of Retail Outlets for African Indigenous Vegetables: Empirical Evidence in Rural and Urban Households in Kenya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Eric Gido, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 , 10099 ~Berlin, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{gidoeric@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Eric Gido$^{1}$, Oscar Ayuya$^{2}$, Owuor George$^{3}$, Wolfgang Bokelmann$^{4}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Egerton University, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Egerton University, Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences (ADTI), Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Gido, Eric}
\index[author]{Ayuya, Oscar}
\index[author]{George, Owuor}
\index[author]{Bokelmann, Wolfgang}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{

African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) are vegetable varieties whose natural habitat originated in Africa. AIVs have higher levels of dietary micro"=nutrients essential in protecting and healing micro"=nutrient related diseases. To enhance micronutrient intake from AIVs, the role of retail outlets in vegetable purchases, among different consumer segments, cannot be under"=estimated. Households face a range of alternative retail outlets from which to purchase AIVs, including; farm gates, local open"=air, green groceries and supermarket outlets. This study aimed at evaluating the determinants of consumers' preference for different AIV retail outlets among rural and urban households in Kenya. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 450 urban and rural respondents from four counties in Kenya; Nairobi, Nakuru, Kisii and Kakamega. Data was collected using a pre"=tested semi"=structured questionnaire and in the analysis, a Multinomial Probit model was used to assess socio"=economic and institutional factors influencing household preferences for AIV retail outlets. Findings were that, gender, age and education level of the key decision maker, household size, varietal diversity, size of vegetable butch, market distance and perceptions regarding AIV retail prices significantly influenced the choice for AIV retail outlets in rural and urban households. Policies that would regulate the size of vegetable butch in supermarkets and green groceries as well as reinforce hygiene standards in local open air outlets would increase their preferences in rural and urban households. Moreover, strategies that would increase farm gate varietal diversity and regulate green grocery retail prices would enhance their choice in rural and urban households, respectively. }

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} African indigenous vegetables, choice, multinomial Probit model, retail outlet, rural, urban 
\index[key]{African indigenous vegetables}
\index[key]{Choice}
\index[key]{Multinomial Probit model}
\index[key]{Retail outlet}
\index[key]{Rural}
\index[key]{Urban!}
\end{document}
