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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Enhancement of Growth Performance and Feed Utilisation of Nile Tilapia, \textit{Oreochromis Niloticus} Fed Diets Containing Probiotic},pdfauthor={Magdy Soltan, Ayman Farag, Nasr Hashem},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biogen®, feed utilisation, growth, key words: probiotic, Nile tilapia},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Enhancement of Growth Performance and Feed Utilisation of Nile Tilapia, \textit{Oreochromis Niloticus} Fed Diets Containing Probiotic\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Magdy Soltan, Benha University, Dept. of Animal Production, Moshtohor, Egypt, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{magdy.soltan@fagr.bu.edu.eg}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Magdy Soltan$^{1}$, Ayman Farag$^{2}$, Nasr Hashem$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Benha University, Dept. of Animal Production, Egypt}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric. Egypt, Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric. Egypt, Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Soltan, Magdy}
\index[author]{Farag, Ayman}
\index[author]{Hashem, Nasr}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
A 12-week feeding trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of dietary graded levels of a commercial probiotic (Biogen\textregistered{}) con$\lnot$taining allicin, high unit hydrolytic enzyme, \textit{Bacillus subtilis} spores and ginseng extracts on growth, survival, feed utilisation and proximate composition of Nile tilapia, \textit{Oreochromis niloticus}t. Five isonitrogenous (300 g CP kg$^{-1}$ dry matter, DM)) and isocaloric (19.5 MJ gross energy kg$^{-1}$ DM) diets were formulated and Biogen\textregistered{} was supplemented in five increased levels, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g kg$^{-1}$ to representing the five diets, D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, respectively. Fingerlings averaging 2.23$\pm$0.05g were randomly distributed into 15 glass aquaria (160 litre), and each aquarium holding 25 fish and randomly assigned to one of three replicates of the diets and offered feed at \mbox{5\,\%} body weight daily. Fish in all aquaria were weighed at 2-week intervals and feed was adjusted accordingly. \textit{O.~niloticus} offered the control diet exhibited lower growth and feed utilisation than all Biogen\textregistered{} supplemented diets. The highest significant ($p < 0.05$) average body weight (BW), body length (BL), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were recorded for fish group fed the diet D3 (the basal diet supplemented with 2 g kg$^{-1}$) followed in descending order by those fed D4, D2, D5 and D1. Also fish group fed D3 showed the best improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). There was a significant effect of probiotic inclusion level on survival at all inclusion levels than in the control.  Protein content in whole fish body was significantly ($p < 0.05$) increased with increasing Biogen\textregistered{} level. The dietary increased Biogen\textregistered{} significantly decreased levels of transaminase enzymes enzymes (alanine transaminase, ALT and aspartate transaminase, AST) while Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrite (Ht) did not significantly affected by dietary Biogen\textregistered{}.  The highest protein content and the lowest fat content was recorded for fish group fed the control diet (D5) and the opposite trend was recorded fish group fed D1. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biogen\textregistered{}, feed utilisation, growth, key words: probiotic, Nile tilapia
\index[key]{Biogen\textregistered{}}
\index[key]{Feed!utilisation}
\index[key]{Growth}
\index[key]{Key words: probiotic}
\index[key]{Nile tilapia}
\end{document}
