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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Antioxidant Activity: A Strategy for Alleviating the Drought - Induced Damages Effects on Pot Marigold (\textit{Calendula Officinalis} L.)},pdfauthor={Gholam Reza Zamani, Mahdi Ebrahimi, Zohreh Alizadeh},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cell membrane, Introduction, malondialdehyde, proline, reactive oxygen species},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Antioxidant Activity: A Strategy for Alleviating the Drought - Induced Damages Effects on Pot Marigold (\textit{Calendula Officinalis} L.)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Gholam Reza Zamani, University of Birjand, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Moallem ST. 39 Moallem, Number 3, 9717836446~Birjand, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{grz1343@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Gholam Reza Zamani$^{1}$, Mahdi Ebrahimi$^{2}$, Zohreh Alizadeh$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Birjand, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ph.d Student. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand,  Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand,  Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, }}}
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\index[author]{Zamani, Gholam Reza}
\index[author]{Ebrahimi, Mahdi}
\index[author]{Alizadeh, Zohreh}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Considering the importance of the medicinal plant pot marigold (\textit{Calendula officinalis} L.) in some industries such as pharmaceutical Industry, attempts were made to study some resistance aspects of this plant related to its antioxidant ability in confronting with drought stress. The experiment was conducted according complete randomised block design with three replications in the research greenhouse of University of Birjand. Two factors including drought stress with four levels (80, 60, 40 and 20 percent of the soil available water content) and plant type (medicinal and ornamental type) were considered. Results revealed that with increasing drought stress, APX activity decreased and SOD and CAT activity primarily increased and then decreased. Over accumulation of reactive oxygen species coupled with inefficiency of the antioxidant system to cope with these damaging molecules has possibly resulted in reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes in the highest level of drought stress. Proline content increased accompanied by increasing so that in the highest level was up to fourfold compared with non"=stressed control.  Carotenoid content reached its highest amount in non"=stressed control (4.5 milligrams per gram fresh weight) and in intensive drought was the lowest (3.3 milligrams per gram fresh weight). Increased activity of antioxidant enzymes reduced damages to cell membranes where MDA content showed the highest correlation with APX activity (-0.83**). Drought stress negatively affected flower yield of pot marigold in addition to physiological traits. Flower yield from 0.52 gram per plant in non"=stressed control, decreased to 0.21 gram per plant in intensive drought level. We found that medicinal pot marigold had higher potential of flower producing than ornamental one. In general enzymatic antioxidant system of pot marigold confers a suitable ability to reduce adverse effects of drought"=induced oxidative stress and could be considered as a reliable index for selecting resistant cultivars to drought stress in breeding programs. However when the intensity of drought stress is high, this scavenging system fails to cope with higher levels of oxidative compounds. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cell membrane, Introduction, malondialdehyde, proline, reactive oxygen species
\index[key]{Cell membrane}
\index[key]{Introduction}
\index[key]{Malondialdehyde}
\index[key]{Proline}
\index[key]{Reactive oxygen species}
\end{document}
