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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Using Net"=Map to Analyse Social Relations and Motivations among Actors Implementing Food Security Upgrading Strategies (UPS) in Four Tanzanian Villages},pdfauthor={Ernestine Mefor Halle, Estephania E. Delgadillo Jaime, Frieder Graef, Barbara Schröter},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food security, household nutrition, maize sheller, net-map, Tanzania, upgrading strategies, value chain},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Using Net"=Map to Analyse Social Relations and Motivations among Actors Implementing Food Security Upgrading Strategies (UPS) in Four Tanzanian Villages\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ernestine Mefor Halle, University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Garbenstrasse 13, 70599~Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mefor.ernie@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ernestine Mefor Halle$^{1}$, Estephania E. Delgadillo Jaime$^{2}$, Frieder Graef$^{3}$, Barbara Schröter$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Forest Science and Resource Management, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Inst. for Land Use Systems, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Halle, Ernestine Mefor}
\index[author]{Delgadillo Jaime, Estephania E.}
\index[author]{Graef, Frieder}
\index[author]{Schröter, Barbara}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This year marks a turning point for global development assistance, involved policy makers and researchers. With the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which mainly focused on the `underdeveloped countries', to the Sustainable Development Goals, which have a more holistic view, globally important issues came back to the political agenda worldwide. The final reports of the MDGs revealed that most targets have not been met within the intended time frame. In particular, many African countries are still affected by extreme poverty, hunger and high infant mortality rates. For instance, the proportion of undernourished people in sub-Saharan Africa has decreased from \mbox{33\,\%} in 1990--1992 to \mbox{23\,\%} in 2014--2016. 



The current research builds on the large multi"=disciplinary Trans-SEC project in Tanzania with the aim to improve the food situation for the most"=vulnerable rural poor population by implementing 10 successful food securing upgrading strategies (UPS) along regional and local food value chains. 



Our specific focus is on two UPS, namely a) a maize shelling machine and b) household nutrition education \& kitchen gardens. The objective of this study was to determine and understand the role of actors and the interlinkages among the UPS groups; determine the relationship within these UPS group members, between the different UPS groups and other actors; and determine possible success factors for UPS group performance. 



Research methods used to collect information included individual interviews using Net-Map (Schiffer and Hauck 2010) and focus group discussions. Net-Map a participatory research interview"=based mapping tool was used to visualise and understand the power relations, interlinkages among the UPS groups and stakeholder goals which facilitate their knowledge transfer and resource flow. 



The results increased our network understanding by combining attributes of stakeholders, relating to their goals and perceived influence. It further provided the basis for a strategic plan to be developed for further enhanced participation and out"=scaling. The enhanced knowledge, resource exchange and information flow from our work led to better coordination and communication between stakeholders; a basis for implementation of the research results at different levels of policy, extension and research for enhanced sustainability; and finally increase long"=term sustainability of the UPS.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food security, household nutrition, maize sheller, net-map, Tanzania, upgrading strategies, value chain
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Household!nutrition}
\index[key]{Net-map}
\index[key]{Maize!sheller}
\index[key]{Tanzania}
\index[key]{Upgrading strategies}
\index[key]{Value chain}
\end{document}
