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\hypersetup{pdftitle={\textit{In vitro} am Fungal Spores \textit{Claroideoglomus etunicatum} with Transform Root Organs},pdfauthor={Thanasan Khaosaad, Takahide Ishida},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={AMF, Claroideoglomus etunicatumi, in vitro, ROs},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{\textit{In vitro} am Fungal Spores \textit{Claroideoglomus etunicatum} with Transform Root Organs\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Thanasan Khaosaad, Ramkhamhaeng University, Department of Biotechnology, Ramkhamhaeng Rd.,, 10240~Bangkok, Thailand, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{tkhaosaad@ru.ac.th}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Thanasan Khaosaad$^{1}$, Takahide Ishida$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ramkhamhaeng University, Department of Biotechnology, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Biological Resource Center, Thailand}}}
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\index[author]{Khaosaad, Thanasan}
\index[author]{Ishida, Takahide}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are fungal root organisms that are widely distributed geographically and are among the most common soil fungi. AMF form symbioses with the roots of approximately \mbox{80\,\%} of all vascular plant species. Due to culture collection of AM fungi the inoculum production methods have complicated to develop and obtain a high"=quality. It is usually considered to cultivate AMF propagules from conventional pot culture with sand/ soil and host plant, though in finally this method is risky to be inevitably contaminated by other microbes. Therefore the \textit{in~vitro} AMF method has been kindly recommended for a new routine method for preparation. This research of \textit{in~vitro} AMF culture was partially session of curator course programme for `` Microbial Resource Management '' in Japan 2015. The AM propagules were extracted from 3 isolated of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forrest (MAFF) Japan soil inoculums, consist of Claroideo\textit{glomus etunicatum}, Ambisopra callosa, and Claroideoglomus claroideum and there were 59, 60 and 62 spores extracted from each 5 gram soil inoculums respectively. To initiate the monoxenic culture for \textit{in~vitro} method, AMF spores were cleaned the surface with sterilized technique and transferred to MSR medium to germinate the spores. The highest number of spore germination was 49.15 percent from C. etunicatum and 16.10 percent from C. claroideum. There was no spore germination from A. callosa to be found. To induce AMF propagules establish to the host for \textit{in~vitro} culture every single germinated AM spore was transferred and cultured with transformed root organs, consist of DC2 (carrot root), chicory and flax, obtained from CESAMM (CEnter of Study on AM Monoxenics) and GINCO (Glomeromycota IN vitro COllection). There was only C. etunicatum showed the association between AMF and the 3 hosts whereas AMF sporulation may take more several months from the established AMF with ROs. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} AMF, \textit{Claroideoglomus etunicatumi}, \textit{in vitro}, ROs
\index[key]{AMF}
\index[key]{Claroideoglomus etunicatum@\textit{Claroideoglomus etunicatum}}
\index[key]{\textit{In~vitro}}
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