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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Tamarind (\textit{Tamarindus indica} L.) Seeds on Broiler Chicken Performance and Carcass Characteristics},pdfauthor={Mutaz Mahmoud, Mohammed Osman, Arafa Elwaseela, Hamid Aldurra, Lutfi Mohammed Zen},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Alternative protein source, boiling treatment, broiler performance, tamarind seed},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Tamarind (\textit{Tamarindus indica} L.) Seeds on Broiler Chicken Performance and Carcass Characteristics\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mutaz Mahmoud, University of Gezira, Poultry Production, Elgamaa, Wad Medani, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mutaz_babiker@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mutaz Mahmoud, Mohammed Osman, Arafa Elwaseela, Hamid Aldurra, Lutfi Mohammed Zen}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Gezira, Fac. of Animal Production, Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{Mahmoud, Mutaz}
\index[author]{Osman, Mohammed}
\index[author]{Elwaseela, Arafa}
\index[author]{Aldurra, Hamid}
\index[author]{Mohammed Zen, Lutfi}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The objective of the study was to measure the effect of dietary inclusion of different levels of raw and processed tamarind seeds on broiler chicken performance and carcass characteristics. The processing implemented for seeds in this trial was boiling. The tamarind seeds were divided into two categories (raw and treated with boiling) and then ground to be included in experimental diets. A total of 180 unsexed one"=day broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed to 15 pens that were randomly assigned to five treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times (12 birds per pen).  In a completely randomised design, the dietary treatments consisted of 5 and \mbox{10\,\%} raw (TRS), 5 and \mbox{10\,\%} processed (TBS) and \mbox{0\,\%} tamarind seeds (control). The experimental diets were formulated iso"=nitrogenous and iso"=energetic to meet or exceed the requirements of finisher period for broilers (NRC, 1994). At day 42, two birds per replicate were slaughtered to measure the carcass and organs weights. The results showed that tamarind seeds contained \mbox{15.98\,\%} protein, \mbox{3.77\,\%} fat, \mbox{43.5\,\%} ash, \mbox{11.4\,\%} fibre, \mbox{2.41\,\%} tannin (dry matter) and 13.06\,MJ\,kg\textsuperscript{-1} metabolisable energy. Boiling seeds decreased tannin content by \mbox{31\,\%}. All birds fed with diets containing tamarind seeds were better in weight gain and feed conversion ratio than those fed control diets (p$\leq$0.01).The highest feed consumed were reported with birds fed on control diets. There were no significant differences (p$\geq$0.05) between different treatments in gizzard, abdominal fat, drumstick and last body weights. The greatest carcass weight was observed with control treatment followed by TBS \mbox{5\,\%} treatment (p$\leq$0.01). The heaviest and the lightest weights of breast were recorded with control and TRS\% treatments, respectively. Birds fed on TBS and control treatments had the biggest thigh weights (p$\leq$0.01). The current study indicated that TRS and TBS scored the best results for broiler growth performance. However, TBS treatments could be the second choice following the control for weights of most edible parts of the carcass. So, tamarind seeds could be used as alternative feedstuff for poultry as protein and energy source specially when treated with boiling.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Alternative protein source, boiling treatment, broiler performance, tamarind seed
\index[key]{Broiler performance}
\index[key]{Tamarind seed}
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