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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Analysis of the Use and Effect of Inoculant"=based Technologies on Smallholder Farms: Case of Field Bean Farmers in Western Kenya},pdfauthor={Teresah Wafullah, Julius Okello, David Otieno, Nancy Karanja},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Inoculant, inoculation, multivariate probit, tobit},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Analysis of the Use and Effect of Inoculant"=based Technologies on Smallholder Farms: Case of Field Bean Farmers in Western Kenya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Teresah Wafullah, University of Nairobi, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, 10812, 00100~Nairobi, Kenya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{tnwafullah@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Teresah Wafullah$^{1}$, Julius Okello$^{1}$, David Otieno$^{1}$, Nancy Karanja$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Nairobi, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Nairobi, Dept. of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology (LARMAT), Kenya}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Wafullah, Teresah}
\index[author]{Okello, Julius}
\index[author]{Otieno, David}
\index[author]{Karanja, Nancy}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Use of inoculant"=based technologies in legume production has been done for over a century but in Africa, the technology is relatively to smallholder farmers. The introduction of these technologies has enabled increased legume productivity as well as increased soil fertility. Dissemination of these technologies have been conducted in Western Kenya by various organisations. Studies suggest that the use of these technologies is exponential. While past studies have assessed the adoption of inoculant technology as a single package, the effect of different inoculant- based technologies on bean yield remains unknown. There is also lack of information on the role inoculant"=based technologies on bean output market participation 







A multivariate probit (MVP) model was applied to assess factors affecting farmers' decision on use of alternative inoculant"=based technologies. In addition, a Tobit regression was estimated to assess the effect of the use of inoculant"=based technologies on household output commercialisation from data collected from 248 farmers.







Descriptive results indicate that years of experience, total value of non"=land assets and distance to the road significantly and positively affected adoption at \mbox{1\,\%}, \mbox{5\,\%} and \mbox{10\,\%} respectively. Out of the five inoculant"=based technologies demonstrated to farmers, only three were found to be widely adopted; these are: inoculant only, inoculant and farm yard manure and inoculant and fertiliser.



Results from the multivariate probit regression analysis show that the distance to agricultural extension office, group membership, project participation, age and gender significantly affect the adoption of the inoculant"=based technologies. The Tobit regression analysis results show that the distance to group office, group and project participation, age, years of schooling, totals assets and total bean production area significantly influence the commercialisation of beans by the small holder farmers. 







Promotion of inoculant"=based technologies through various projects in Western Kenya is important to disseminate and demonstrate information about inoculant- based technologies to farmers. However, these should be coupled with accessibility of affordable inoculant- based technologies to farmers through various stakeholders such as agrodealers and their networks; for use, adoption and diffusion at grassroots levels. Encouraging farmers to use inoculant"=based technologies in common bean production, may increase their bean yields and encourage market participation.



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Inoculant, inoculation, multivariate probit, tobit
\index[key]{Inoculant}
\index[key]{Inoculation}
\index[key]{Multivariate probit}
\index[key]{Tobit}
\end{document}
