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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Heavy Crude Rheology Improvement Using Natural and Commercial Surfactant},pdfauthor={Ahmed Abdul Hadi Haqqani, Md Irshad Ansari, Shirsendu Banerjee},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cross Polarised Microscope, FTIR, Heavy Crude, IGPEL CO 720, Pour Point, sapindus Mukorossi, Viscosity},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Heavy Crude Rheology Improvement Using Natural and Commercial Surfactant\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ahmed Abdul Hadi Haqqani, Al Habeeb College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Mansoura, Doha, Qatar, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{abdulhadi1195@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ahmed Abdul Hadi Haqqani$^{1}$, Md Irshad Ansari$^{2}$, Shirsendu Banerjee$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Al Habeeb College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Qatar}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Al Habeeb College of Engineering and Technology, Petroleum Engineering Department, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Department of Petroleum Engineering, }}}
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\index[author]{Haqqani, Ahmed Abdul Hadi}
\index[author]{Ansari, Md Irshad}
\index[author]{Banerjee, Shirsendu}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{




When temperature falls below wax appearance temperature (WAT) during pipeline flow of crude oil, paraffins and asphaltenes present in the crude oil starts to agglomerate. This agglomeration results in the deposition of wax in the inner walls of the pipelines. This in turn decreases the internal diameter of the pipeline thereby restricting the flow of crude. Highly viscous crude oils also pose similar threat. Due to hindrance in flowability of heavy crude oil through pipelines because of their high viscosity, oil industries suffer heavy expenditure for restarting of pipelines and sometimes the well gets abandoned temporarily. Also, due to their high pour point and high wax content transportation of heavy crude oil through pipelines is often hindered. The contributing factors are usually temperature, pressure and flow rate. The objective of this research article is to investigate experimental techniques to determine applicability of a natural surfactant on crude oil rheological behaviour through pipelines. 



 The sample was characterised by SARA analysis, pour point, density, acid number and API gravity. The surfactant was extracted in laboratory using fruits from a tropical Indian plant Sapindus Mukorrossi or soapnut. The effect of this surfactant on wax crystal structure and crystal size distribution was analysed using Cross Polarized light Microscope. The flow characteristics investigated included pour point and viscosity before and after addition of 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm surfactant. 



Microscopic studies showed change in size and structure of wax crystals establishing effectiveness of surfactant. Pour point reduced by 6°C and viscosity decreased by \mbox{68\,\%} after adding 2000 ppm surfactant at 30°C. Viscosity of crude with 2000 ppm surfactant at 30°C was almost same as that of pure crude at 50°C. FTIR spectroscopic studies showed the decrease in concentration of alkanes, aldehydic groups and ketonic groups present in the crude oil sample when 2000 ppm surfactant was added to it. The test results were compared with similar test that included a commercial surfactant namely IGPEL CO 720. In all the cases, Sapindus Mukorossi was the better surfactant among the two as it improved rheological characteristics to a maximum.







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cross Polarised Microscope, FTIR, Heavy Crude, IGPEL CO 720, Pour Point, sapindus Mukorossi, Viscosity
\index[key]{Cross Polarised Microscope}
\index[key]{FTIR}
\index[key]{Heavy Crude}
\index[key]{IGPEL CO 720}
\index[key]{Pour Point}
\index[key]{Sapindus Mukorossi}
\index[key]{Viscosity}
\end{document}
