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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing \textit{Moringa oleifera} Seed Meal and Poultry Offal Meal},pdfauthor={Mutaz Mahmoud, Ahmed Musa, Osman Elfaky, Khalid Adam, Masagid Salih, Widad Sheikh Eddin, Dar Elsalam Haron, Mohammed Gujja},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Alternative protein source, broiler chickens, Moringa oleifera seed, poultry offal meal},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing \textit{Moringa oleifera} Seed Meal and Poultry Offal Meal\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mutaz Mahmoud, University of Gezira, Poultry Production, Elgamaa, Wad Medani, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mutaz_babiker@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mutaz Mahmoud, Ahmed Musa, Osman Elfaky, Khalid Adam, Masagid Salih, Widad Sheikh Eddin, Dar Elsalam Haron, Mohammed Gujja}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Gezira, Fac. of Animal Production, Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{Mahmoud, Mutaz}
\index[author]{Musa, Ahmed}
\index[author]{Elfaky, Osman}
\index[author]{Adam, Khalid}
\index[author]{Salih, Masagid}
\index[author]{Sheikh Eddin, Widad}
\index[author]{Haron, Dar Elsalam}
\index[author]{Gujja, Mohammed}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
To contribute to feed availability and help solve the problems of high prices and scarcity of conventional protein source feedstuffs for poultry in most parts of Africa such as Sudan, research has to be carried out for exploration and exploitation of cheaper non"=conventional dietary protein feed ingredients. A (3 $\times$ 3) factorial experiment was used in a completely randomised design to investigate the effects of feeding \textit{Moringa oleifera} seed meal (MSM) at 0, 2 and \mbox{4\,\%} and poultry offal meal (POM) at 0, 2.5 and \mbox{5\,\%} on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 270 unsexed one"=day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 9 treatments (3 replicates with 10 birds each). The experimental diets were formulated iso"=nitrogenous and iso"=energetic to meet or exceed the requirements of broilers. At day 42, two birds per replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass and organs weights. The results showed that, feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (p$\leq$0.01) affected by dietary treatments. For (MSM) treatments, the greatest weight gain and the best (FCR) were recorded with 2 and \mbox{4\,\%} (MSM) treatments (p$\leq$0.01). However, the largest amount of feed was consumed by the birds fed on control diet and \mbox{2\,\%} (MSM). No significant differences (p$\geq$0.01) were reported for the weights of carcass, carcass parts and internal organs. The only exception was reported with abdominal fatpad, which was greater (p$\leq$0.01) for control treatment than \mbox{4\,\%} (MSM) treatment. For (POM), the best weight gain and (FCR) were observed with control and \mbox{2.5\,\%} (POM) treatments (p$\leq$0.01). The feed consumption decreased (p$\leq$0.01) when inclusion of (POM) increased. Control and \mbox{2.5\,\%} (POM) were higher than \mbox{5\,\%} (POM) treatment for the weights of carcass, carcass parts and all internal organs. No interaction effect between (MSM) and (POM) was reported. The current study concluded that \mbox{2.5\,\%} (POM) and (MSM) up to \mbox{4\,\%} could be included in the diets of poultry as alternative protein source.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Alternative protein source, broiler chickens, \textit{Moringa oleifera} seed, poultry offal meal
\index[key]{Alternative protein source}
\index[key]{Broiler chickens}
\index[key]{Moringa oleifera@\textit{Moringa oleifera} seed}
\index[key]{Poultry!offal meal}
\end{document}
