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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Innovation Towards Transition: How Dairy Farming Is Emerging in the Coffee Agroforestry Systems of Kenya},pdfauthor={Kinfe Asayehegn Gebreeyesus, Ludovic Temple, Ana Iglesias},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Coffee agroforestry, Emerging challenges, Innovation, Transition},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Innovation Towards Transition: How Dairy Farming Is Emerging in the Coffee Agroforestry Systems of Kenya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kinfe Asayehegn Gebreeyesus, Cirad, Umr Innovation, 1101, 142~Montpellier, France, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kinfe85@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Kinfe Asayehegn Gebreeyesus$^{1}$, Ludovic Temple$^{2}$, Ana Iglesias$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Cirad, Umr Innovation, France}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Cirad, Umr Innovation, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Polytechnic University Madrid, Agricultural Economics, }}}
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\index[author]{Gebreeyesus, Kinfe Asayehegn}
\index[author]{Temple, Ludovic}
\index[author]{Iglesias, Ana}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Emerging challenges to farming drives systems to have three strategies; intensification optimising resources, firm diversification orchestrating interdependencies among sectoral boundaries, and transition to new system and trajectories. The trajectory shift is the process towards an emergence of new sector (dairy) as motivation to the old system (coffee) is declined. In the multi"=level perspective, however, there is no simple cause effect relationship drives transition rather systems change is enacted by various actors (producers, policy makers, researchers, privates). This paper, therefore, presents (1) the transition trends and processes taking a case from coffee agroforestry systems in central Kenya (2) the roles of the different actors in the transition process and (3) the roles of the transition from coffee to dairy system on household food security. Our data collection consists of household survey (120) for household data, FGDs (9 FGDs) to characterise the processes and stakeholders' interview (15) for understanding contribution stakeholders. 







Coffee production in Kenya has declined by \mbox{65\,\%}, and as much as 5 times in Murang'a. The dairy sector is, however, in opposite visualising sharp increase in the volume of production and price. This leads to three pathways. (1) Intensification on coffee which follows incremental change to the full system of coffee practice. (2) System diversification includes both coffee and dairy in limited asset ownership but optimisation the resources and (3) shift from coffee system to intensified dairy. Thus innovation process and actors' interaction differ for the coffee and dairy systems. Actors in the coffee are limited, the system is highly centralised with limited options for farmers to process and market product while the dairy sector is informally controlled by demand"=based business, various options to process and marketing products. Exponential increase in production cost which is a function of coffee diseases and institutional failure (financial and none financial) of the coffee sector while strong public and private intuitions are emerging in the dairy sector. Transitions from coffee to dairy system have higher annual return where farmers in the transformed system are more food secured. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Coffee agroforestry, Emerging challenges, Innovation, Transition
\index[key]{Coffee agroforestry}
\index[key]{Emerging challenges}
\index[key]{Innovation}
\index[key]{Transition}
\end{document}
