\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean: Strategic Management to Improve Yield and Income},pdfauthor={Enderson Ferreira, José Eduardo Souza, Adriane Wendland},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Plant growth, production cost, soil bacteria, sustainability},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean: Strategic Management to Improve Yield and Income\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Enderson Ferreira, Embrapa Rice and Beans, Soil Microbiology, Rodovia Go-462 km 12 Zona Rural, 75375-000~Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{enderson.ferreira@embrapa.br}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Enderson Ferreira$^{1}$, José Eduardo Souza$^{2}$, Adriane Wendland$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Embrapa Rice and Beans, Soil Microbiology, Brazil}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Federal University of Goiás, Soil and Water, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Embrapa Rice and Beans, Plant Pathology, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ferreira, Enderson}
\index[author]{Souza, José Eduardo}
\index[author]{Wendland, Adriane}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Common bean (\textit{Phaseolus vulgaris} L.) is an important legume worldwide and nitrogen (N) is the most yield limiting nutrient and expensive input. Every year in Brazil common bean is cropped in an area about 3 million hectares, producing 3.2 million tons. The spends with N-fertilisers exceed U\$ 220 million per year. This crop can obtain N through the association with \textit{Rhizobium} tropici, which perform the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process. Our studies under field conditions have shown a beneficial effect of the single inoculation of R. tropici, resulting in grain yield (GY) gain about \mbox{8\,\%} as compared with the N-fertilised treatment (\mbox{80\,kg} of N ha$^{-1}$). We also have found differential response of common bean genotypes to inoculation with R. tropici. Among fifteen common bean genotypes, the GY of the cultivar Aporé was \mbox{3296.25\,kg} ha$^{-1}$, representing \mbox{22.3\,\%} more than the cultivar Diamante Negro. In addition, the mean GY of the fifteen genotypes was 2396.86, 2644.49, 2932.31 and \mbox{3211.50\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ for the control, R. tropici inoculation, R. tropici+\mbox{50\,kg} N ha$^{-1}$ and \mbox{120\,kg} N ha$^{-1}$ treatments, respectively. However, the cultivars Aporé, Pérola and BRS Grafite obtained greater GY under R. tropici inoculation, R. tropici+\mbox{50\,kg} N ha$^{-1}$ and \mbox{120\,kg} N ha$^{-1}$ treatments, respectively. Our most recent results have also shown a positive response of the co"=inoculation of common bean with R. tropici and Azospirillum brasilense. The co"=inoculation of R. tropici and A. brasiliense helped in the development and productivity of common bean, providing a significant increase in nodule number, shoot dry mass and root dry mass, resulting in a productivity around \mbox{3200\,kg} ha$^{-1}$, with a significant increase in the GY of \mbox{11.5\,\%} and \mbox{26\,\%} compared to N-fertilised and R. tropici single inoculation treatments, respectively. Also, the co"=inoculation returned about U\$ 1.53 for each U\$ 1.00 invested and in a net income of U\$ 2171.52 ha$^{-1}$, resulting in U\$ 174.74 ha$^{-1}$ more than the N-fertilised treatment. Therefore, in addition to environmental advantages, the proper management of the BNF in common bean improves GY and has a positive financial return, higher than that observed for the N-fertilised treatment.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Plant growth, production cost, soil bacteria, sustainability
\index[key]{Plant!growth}
\index[key]{Production cost}
\index[key]{Soil!bacteria}
\index[key]{Sustainability}
\end{document}
