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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Residual Effect of Folimat 800 (organo phosphate) and Icaros Pesticides on Soil Fertility and Snake Cucumber (\textit{Cucumis melo} Var. Flexousus L.) Growth},pdfauthor={Mohamed Osman Gafar, Ayoub Zaid Elhag},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Folimat, Icaros. Impact, pesticides, Residues},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Residual Effect of Folimat 800 (organo phosphate) and Icaros Pesticides on Soil Fertility and Snake Cucumber (\textit{Cucumis melo} Var. Flexousus L.) Growth\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mohamed Osman Gafar, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Soil Science and Water, Shambat Street, 71~Khartoum, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{momedosman5@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mohamed Osman Gafar$^{1}$, Ayoub Zaid Elhag$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Sudan University of Science and Technology, Soil Science and Water, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Sudan University of Science and Technology, Horticulture, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Gafar, Mohamed Osman}
\index[author]{Elhag, Ayoub Zaid}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
    An experiment of was carried out at Shambat Agricultural Farm, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan, to study the effect of Folimat and Icaros pesticides residues on soil fertility and snake cucumber growth. It is one of a series of experiments to study the impact of both pesticides on soil characteristics and on different vegetables growth and yield. Snake cucumber was grown on raised beds at 1m×\mbox{40\,cm} spacing. It was irrigated every week. All cultural practices were done as recommended by The Agricultural Research Corporation, Sudan. A month from sowing Folimat at \unitfrac[1.92]{kg}{ha} (recommended) and \unitfrac[2.88]{kg}{ha} (excessive) and Icaros at 249.2(recommended) and \unitfrac[371.8]{ml}{ha} ml/ha (excessive)were applied, in addition to a control without pesticide. The experimental units were in completely randomised design with four replications. Cucumber growth was evaluated as shoot length, number of leaves/plant, fruit length and weight and yield/ha. Soil characteristics were evaluated as total Nitrogen, Phosphorus, organic Carbon, soluble cations (Na$^{+}$,K+, Ca2+ and Mg 2+), soluble anions (HCO3- and Cl$^{-}$), pH and electrical conductivity (ECe.)  of soil solution.	The results revealed that the recommended dose of both chemicals showed significant positive effect on cucumber growth. However, their positive effects on fruit length, weight and total yield were highly significant. Both recommended and excessive doses of both chemicals negatively affected soil characteristics. Generally pesticides were recommended for organic production. However, their application at the recommended dose and at the right time could not be avoided, since their positive impact on pest control could not be abandoned.  }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Folimat, Icaros. Impact, pesticides, Residues
\index[key]{Folimat}
\index[key]{Icaros. Impact}
\index[key]{Pesticides}
\index[key]{Residues}
\end{document}
