\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Research in Policy Action:  Pitfalls and Success Factors of High"=level Policy Engagement in East Africa},pdfauthor={Pamela Pali, Edidah Ampaire, Mastewal Yami Degefa, Laurence Jassogne, Marc Schut, Murat Sartas, Piet van Asten},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={To be added},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Research in Policy Action:  Pitfalls and Success Factors of High"=level Policy Engagement in East Africa\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Pamela Pali, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box. 7878, Kampala, Uganda, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{P.Pali@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Pamela Pali, Edidah Ampaire, Mastewal Yami Degefa, Laurence Jassogne, Marc Schut, Murat Sartas, Piet van Asten}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Uganda}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Pali, Pamela}
\index[author]{Ampaire, Edidah}
\index[author]{Degefa, Mastewal Yami}
\index[author]{Jassogne, Laurence}
\index[author]{Schut, Marc}
\index[author]{Sartas, Murat}
\index[author]{van Asten, Piet}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Donors followed by CGIAR consortium office have pushed policy engagement on the agenda, but this territory is new for most of its scientists. ``Policies are made in Uganda, refined in Kenya and implemented in Rwanda''. This is one phrase that is commonly used to describe the incomplete policy processes in the Ugandan agricultural sector. Agricultural policies relevant to sustainable intensification are receiving increasing attention and are often still under formulation. This provides an opportunity for researchers to guide the process and achieve the much"=desired uptake of their results by policy actors. However, an information and engagement gap exists between researchers and policy actors. Research results are insufficiently `translated' and communicated into formats and processes relevant for the policy actor, leading to insufficient use of research in policy"=making processes. To address this gap, IITA and partners are implementing policy action projects in Uganda and Tanzania on climate change adaptation (PACCA) and sustainable crop intensification (PASIC). Several challenges and opportunities have emerged so far. We observed that researchers use language that is ill"=understood and not in a reproducible and simple format required by stakeholders. There is also a difficulty in generating relevant evidence in the short time `window' that is available to influence to policy design. Researchers often take months or years to generate their desired evidence. Policy actors often only a few days or weeks of `opportunity' to use such evidence and influence debates. Policy processes are often not linear, but can suddenly stagnate, move or divert based on public debates, (shifting) political power interests and donor investment. We believe that researchers need to be more opportunistic and forthcoming if they wish to achieve policy outcomes. Scenario"=development, exploring various investment options for policy actors is a very useful approach.  For example, PACCA used climate and scenario planning to help policy actors on understanding the climate resilience of the agricultural sector under different investment options under the revised Environmental Policy in Tanzania. In PASIC, IITA developed zonal investment planning tools (ZIP) to create joint visioning and understanding of action and interdependence of different actors across nested scales. The Ministry of Agriculture in Uganda has now proposed to adopt this planning tool into their new 5-year national strategy. The ZIPs allow a comparison of perceptions and facts to inform extension personnel, government officials and private sector investment. Although these `successes' have been rewarding in terms of our ability to demonstrate next"=user outcomes, the policy engagement process has been challenging. Besides an `opportunistic' approach to influence policy, researchers have to deal with the syntax, semantics and protocol of policy actors. A few golden rules when engaging with policy actors include (i) get high"=level buy"=in before engaging with mid- or low"=level government staff, (ii) make sure all communication related to activities and responsibilities are formally communicated on letterhead paper, (iii) carefully consider and understand the incentives structures (e.g. allowances) when working with government actors and try to accommodate these as much as possible, (iv) always ensure that the government actors feel ownership and control over the process and ensure research is coming in to support but not to lead the discussion, (v) ownership can only be achieved if science communication is `simple and accessible' to participants in the policy debate, (vi) do try to avoid engaging in politics. Although engaging in politics can generate short"=term buy"=in for your ideas, it will devaluate your credibility and legitimacy in the process and in the long term affect your impact.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} To be added
\index[key]{To be added}
\end{document}
