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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Is Farming a Sustainable Livelihood Strategy in Hawassa Area, Southern Ethiopia?},pdfauthor={Yodit Kebede, Frederic Baudron, Felix Bianchi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Farming systems, landscape metrics, Southern Ethiopia, trajectories, typology},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Is Farming a Sustainable Livelihood Strategy in Hawassa Area, Southern Ethiopia?\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Yodit Kebede, Wageningen University (WUR), Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kebede.yodit@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Yodit Kebede$^{1}$, Frederic Baudron$^{2}$, Felix Bianchi$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Wageningen University (WUR), Farming Systems Ecology, The Netherlands}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP), Ethiopia}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Kebede, Yodit}
\index[author]{Baudron, Frederic}
\index[author]{Bianchi, Felix}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Farming systems are complex socio"=ecological systems which result of farmers' livelihood strategies decisions in the past and are constrained by biophysical, economic, social, cultural, and political factors. Effective natural resource management and rural development requires a solid understanding of these farming systems, including their long"=term dynamics. Rapid land"=use/land"=cover changes (large surfaces transformed into arable land, increase in small scale agriculture, growing cities) have been observed in the last thirty years in Hawassa area, Southern Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to 1) describe the trajectories of farming systems in Hawassa area by triangulation of participatory methods, satellite images analysis, and secondary data; and, 2) to explain which drivers led to these trajectories and how farmers responded to it  3) to explore, through fuzzy cognitive mapping, potential scenarios of the future trajectories of change. Interviews with key elderly informants  provided insight on major historic events relevant for farming systems, which corresponded with national political regime shifts. In"=depth farm surveys allowed developing a typology of trajectories of structural and functional changes in farming systems. Surveys were complemented by analysis of satellite images (periods 1984, 1998 and 2014) to understand how farm level changes unfolded at the landscape scale. Four types of trajectories of change were identified, and were characterised by farm size, production orientation (cash or food crop oriented) and dependence on external market for food and animal feed. Exploration of future scenarios of change suggest that farm sizes will continue to decrease, with important implications for the sustainability of farming as a livelihood strategy for smallholder farmers in Hawassa area.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Farming systems, landscape metrics, Southern Ethiopia, trajectories, typology
\index[key]{Farming systems}
\index[key]{Landscape metrics}
\index[key]{Southern Ethiopia}
\index[key]{Trajectories}
\index[key]{Typology}
\end{document}
