\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Rice Growing Systems, Greenhouse Emissions (GHG), Nutrient and Water Resource Management for Transition to Sustainable Rice Production Systems},pdfauthor={Ngadish Asih, Rung-Rung Chang, Bhim B. Ghaley, Angela Michiko-Hama, Michael Hauser, Katharina Keiblinger, Axel Mentler, Lorenz Probst, Shang-Li Wang, Franz Zehetner, Michael Zimmerman},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Greenhouse emissions (GHG), nutrient and water resource management, rice growing systems},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Rice Growing Systems, Greenhouse Emissions (GHG), Nutrient and Water Resource Management for Transition to Sustainable Rice Production Systems\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Axel Mentler, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Dept. of Forest and Soil Sciences, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180~Vienna, Austria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{axel.mentler@boku.ac.at}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ngadish Asih$^{1}$, Rung-Rung Chang$^{2}$, Bhim B. Ghaley$^{3}$, Angela Michiko-Hama$^{4}$, Michael Hauser$^{5}$, Katharina Keiblinger$^{6}$, Axel Mentler$^{6}$, Lorenz Probst$^{5}$, Shang-Li Wang$^{2}$, Franz Zehetner$^{6}$, Michael Zimmerman$^{6}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$National Taiwan University, Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry, Taiwan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Gadjah-Mada-University (UGM), Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Indonesia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University Copenhagen, Dept. of plant and environment sciences, Denmark}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$alpS GmbH, Centre for Climate Change Adaptation Innsbruck, Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Centre for Development Research (CDR), Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Dept. of Forest and Soil Sciences, Austria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Asih, Ngadish}
\index[author]{Chang, Rung-Rung}
\index[author]{Ghaley, Bhim B.}
\index[author]{Michiko-Hama, Angela}
\index[author]{Hauser, Michael}
\index[author]{Keiblinger, Katharina}
\index[author]{Mentler, Axel}
\index[author]{Probst, Lorenz}
\index[author]{Wang, Shang-Li}
\index[author]{Zehetner, Franz}
\index[author]{Zimmerman, Michael}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Asia is home to more megacities than any other continents. In countries with rice yearly production more than 1 million tons per year, rice is a staple food, and the demand of fertilisers and water is very high. In Asia 250 million farmers are producing rice on agricultural areas less than one hectares. Therefore, food consumption and production of rice has to be seen in the frame of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) from UN (Transforming our world, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development). 



Desk review and comparison of different production systems like SRI (System of Rice intensification), method of Paddy cultivation shows different perspectives of ecological, economic and social indicators to various aspects of efficiency. 



For example, poultry litter can be used as a source for poultry litter biochar (PLB) production to accelerate efficiency of fertiliser usage in rice production systems. Biochar and inhibitors are potential tools to regulate carbon and nitrogen cycles to improve soil fertility, quality and to reduce GHG- emission. Biochar pot experiments from Taiwan with addition of PLBs showed a significant reduction of CH$_{4}^{}$ emission during incubation period to flowering stage of rice plants. The maximum methane gas flux could be measured with 52 [mg C -CH$_{4}^{}$ /m$^{2}$/h] respectively.  The CH$_{4}^{}$ emission could be significant reduced by PLBs processed at 550°C with an application amount of \mbox{5\,\%}. 



The objective of this research cooperation between Europe and Asia is to investigate the GHG emission during different rice growing stages and economic modelling regarding agricultural productivity with special emphasis to stakeholder involvement, communication and implementation measures.  Transition processes risk analysis for current and future production systems with focus on land use and spatial planning aspects are involved. Gender demographic analysis are implemented as system indicators.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Greenhouse emissions (GHG), nutrient and water resource management, rice growing systems
\index[key]{Greenhouse emissions (GHG)}
\index[key]{Nutrient!and water resource management}
\index[key]{Rice!growing systems}
\end{document}
