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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Innovative Use of Sheep and Goats by Women in Climate Smart Villages in Kenya},pdfauthor={Edwin Oyieng, James Audho, Anne W.T. Muigai, John Recha, Julie Ojango},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Climate smart villages, community breeding program, sheep and goats, women},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Innovative Use of Sheep and Goats by Women in Climate Smart Villages in Kenya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Edwin Oyieng, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{E.Oyieng@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Edwin Oyieng$^{1}$, James Audho$^{1}$, Anne W.T. Muigai$^{2}$, John Recha$^{1}$, Julie Ojango$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kenya}}}
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\index[author]{Oyieng, Edwin}
\index[author]{Audho, James}
\index[author]{Muigai, Anne W.T.}
\index[author]{Recha, John}
\index[author]{Ojango, Julie}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The Nyando Basin in Kenya, a rich agricultural flood plain around Lake Victoria with a population density exceeding \unitfrac[400]{persons}{Km}2, has been adversely affected by extreme weather events that include droughts and floods. Literacy levels are low, and people under the age of 25 years constitute \mbox{65\,\%} of the community, the rest being mainly men and women above 50 years of age who head the households. Within households, there are a higher proportion of adult women than adult men. Land sizes are small ($<$ 1 hectare) and poverty rates are high. Through a partnership around collective action, seven villages have been selected to pilot climate smart integrated crop and livestock production. The approach focusses on improving local knowledge of climate risks, variability in seasonal rainfall, and targeted introduction of technologies to increase productivity of crops and livestock in order to enhance livelihoods. Given the household composition and differential access and control over resources by men and women in the communities a gendered approach was adapted for sheep and goat improvement. Men generally control practices around goats, while women have a greater say on sheep. Past uncontrolled breeding of sheep and goats has resulted in smaller sized animals that take long to mature, and do not fetch good market prices. The CGIAR led project thus introduced improved strains of resilient but more productive indigenous breeds of Gala goats and Red Maasai sheep for crossbreeding with the local breeds. Following practical training, women have taken a lead role through community groups to implement planned rotational mating of improved animals, monitor their performance, and influence their pricing and marketing. Improved productivity and market access for sheep and goats is evident alongside better management of the ecosystem. Demand for improved animals with records on their performance is high and the average selling price for sheep has doubled resulting in a positive change in the livelihoods of women in the community. A community breeding programme incorporating gender integrated innovative technologies and a stronger product market chain is thus being developed for climate smart villages using indigenous breeds.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Climate smart villages, community breeding program, sheep and goats, women
\index[key]{Climate smart villages}
\index[key]{Community!breeding program}
\index[key]{Sheep and goats}
\index[key]{Women}
\end{document}
