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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Livestock Production and Productivity Enhancement in the Context of Climate Change in Nepal},pdfauthor={Lok Nath Paudel, Naba Raj Devkota, Nanda Prakash Joshi, Chet Raj Upreti},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Breeding, climate change, lactation, livestock, productivity, seasonality},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Livestock Production and Productivity Enhancement in the Context of Climate Change in Nepal\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Lok Nath Paudel, Ministry of Agriculrural Development, Department of Livestock Services, Hariharbhawan, Lalitpur, Nepal, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{paudelln2015@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Lok Nath Paudel$^{1}$, Naba Raj Devkota$^{2}$, Nanda Prakash Joshi$^{3}$, Chet Raj Upreti$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ministry of Agriculrural Development, Department of Livestock Services, Nepal}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Agriculture and Forestry University, Animal Nutrition, Nepal}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Michigan State University, Department of Animal Science, United States of America}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Cattle Research Programme, Nepal}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Paudel, Lok Nath}
\index[author]{Devkota, Naba Raj}
\index[author]{Joshi, Nanda Prakash}
\index[author]{Upreti, Chet Raj}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Livestock is an integral component of the agricultural farming system in Nepal. Agriculture contributes about \mbox{32\,\%} to Gross Domestic Production (GDP) where as livestock shares about \mbox{26\,\%} to the agricultural sector. Livestock farming especially in the areas of forage production, animal health, breeding and management is affected because of the climate change in Nepal. Buffalo, among the livestock species, contributes more than \mbox{53\,\%} share to the national livestock sector. Significant negative evidences of climate change have been seen in buffalo production. A study, in collaboration with Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal and Michigan State University, USA, was carried out on the performance of buffalo production in three districts of Nepal from August, 2012 to April 2015. Ninety households from three districts were selected based upon the set criteria in the study. The main interventions were forage species selection depending upon the geographical areas, season, rainfall pattern; breeding management, health care, milk performance recording, lactation length, dry period, total milk production per lactation, seasonality of the animals, etc. The study revealed that significant positive changes can be achieved on the production and productivity of buffalo by selecting appropriate forage species, right time drenching against internal parasites, proper heat detection and timely insemination. Lactation period was increased (192 vs 232) significantly ($p < 0.05$) resulting on higher ($p < 0.05$) total milk production per lactation by the provision of round the year green forage. The intervention of the project has clearly shown that improvement on the seasonality and productivity of buffalo is possible in the context of climate change. The outputs of the study can be replicated, in other ruminant species, as the effective measures to mitigate the effects of climate change in Nepal.



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Breeding, climate change, lactation, livestock, productivity, seasonality
\index[key]{Breeding}
\index[key]{Climate change}
\index[key]{Lactation}
\index[key]{Livestock}
\index[key]{Productivity}
\index[key]{Seasonality}
\end{document}
