\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Analysis of Small Holder Farming System in Ekwusigo Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria},pdfauthor={Jane Munonye},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Farming system, net farm income, smallholder},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Analysis of Small Holder Farming System in Ekwusigo Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Jane Munonye, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{munojane@outlook.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Jane Munonye}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Imo State University, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Munonye, Jane}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Small holder farmers are those farmers who produce on a small scale for sustenance and cultivate less than five hectares of land annually. The household, its resources and resource flow interactions at individual farm levels are together referred to as farming system. The study analysed smallholder farming systems in Ekwusigo Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Primary data was used for the study. The data was collected by the use of a structured questionnaire administered to sixty smallholder farmers randomly selected from the area. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, net farm income and analysis of variance. The results of the study showed that the average age, household size and average farm size of the farmers were 53.3 years, 9 persons and 1.69 hectares respectively. Majority (\mbox{78.33\,\%}) of the farmers were females, married and had secondary education. About \mbox{41.6\,\%} of the farmers combine mixed farming with off- farm employment. About \mbox{70\,\%} of the farmers had both household consumption and sales as the objective of production. Farmers who engage in mixed farming and off"=farm employment had the highest average annual net farm income with a value of N153, 889.9. There was a significant difference among the net farm income of various farming systems. Majority of the farmers had inadequate finance as their major farm production problem. It is however recommended that farmers should be provided with credit to solve the problem of inadequate finance and also input subsidisation which would enable the farmers to diversify production.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Farming system, net farm income, smallholder
\index[key]{Farming system}
\index[key]{Net farm income}
\index[key]{Smallholder}
\end{document}
