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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Developing Historical Changes of Ecosystem Services and Measuring Human Impacts Using the Concept of Hemeroby},pdfauthor={Kamlisa Uni Kamlun, Manisha Koirala, Renate Bürger-Arndt},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Anthropogenic Influence, ecosystem Services Indicators, Hemeroby Index, Malaysia, Wetland},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Developing Historical Changes of Ecosystem Services and Measuring Human Impacts Using the Concept of Hemeroby\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kamlisa Uni Kamlun, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Dept. of Nature Conservation and Landscape Planning, 37077~Göttingen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{unikamlun@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Kamlisa Uni Kamlun$^{1}$, Manisha Koirala$^{2}$, Renate Bürger-Arndt$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Dept. of Nature Conservation and Landscape Planning, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Goettingen University, Faculty of Forest Science and Forest Ecology, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Goettingen University, Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Management, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Kamlun, Kamlisa Uni}
\index[author]{Koirala, Manisha}
\index[author]{Bürger-Arndt, Renate}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Mapping the ecosystem and their services is essential in development planning and decision processes for the benefit of society. Aspirations of historical ecosystem services mapping are to make the value of nature visible by converting it into visual data system. Additionally, anthropogenic factor is the main influence that continue to surpass the dynamic of landscape change during the last decades. Therefore, we propose a validation method based on analysis of land use change within 28 years, ecosystem services change, and the hemeroby concept to measure human impact and understood the human intervention on multiple ecosystems. The field study was conducted in the Klias Peninsula in Sabah, Malaysia where a large portion of wetland and protected area can be found. This area confronted with human pressure due to agricultural activities which initially contribute to forest fire occurrences. Multi"=temporal supervised classification was conducted using Landsat images to produce historical land cover change of the study area from 1985 to 2013. Then selected indicators used to estimate the ecosystem services change of multiple landscape. A hemeroby index using classes of reference area presented the human impact for the individual territorial unit to identify the degree of hemeroby. Our outcome shows that it is possible to estimate and compare human impact on the local landscape at spatio"=temporal levels. With medium resolution satellites data and sufficient GIS databases monitoring of hemeroby can be finalize. However, further generalisations and specification are necessary for a more accurate assessment, in Klias Peninsula monitoring of human impacts is sufficient accurate and detail up to the level of district or 30-meter grid cells. Finally, human impacts on the landscape for a district level could be monitored by examined the trends overtime of hemeroby indices or the propostion of nature accentuated areas.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Anthropogenic Influence, ecosystem Services Indicators, Hemeroby Index, Malaysia, Wetland
\index[key]{Anthropogenic Influence}
\index[key]{Ecosystem Services Indicators}
\index[key]{Hemeroby Index}
\index[key]{Malaysia}
\index[key]{Wetland}
\end{document}
