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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Partnerships for Community Management of Cardamom in Guatemala: Higher Education and Private Sector},pdfauthor={María José Dardón Peralta, Hernán Adolfo Sarmiento Quiroa},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cardamom, Guatemala, natural resource management},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Partnerships for Community Management of Cardamom in Guatemala: Higher Education and Private Sector\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} María José Dardón Peralta, San Carlos University of Guatemala, Biological and Chemical Research Institute -iiqb, , \mbox{e-mail}: \email{dardon.mariajose@usac.edu.gt}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{María José Dardón Peralta$^{1}$, Hernán Adolfo Sarmiento Quiroa$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$San Carlos University of Guatemala, Biological and Chemical Research Institute -iiqb, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Guatemalan Exporters Association Agexport, Cardamom Committee, }}}
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\index[author]{Dardón Peralta, María José}
\index[author]{Sarmiento Quiroa, Hernán Adolfo}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Guatemala is one of the most important cardamom exporters in the world, and cardamom exports have reached \mbox{3\,\%} of total exports in the country. Its cultivation is developed mainly in an area of high biological diversity, with endemic and migratory species of great interest. In the area, \mbox{77\,\%} of the population is rural, with high levels of poverty and limited opportunities for income diversification, dedicated mostly to subsistence farming. Cardamom is cultivated almost exclusively by smallholder farmers who own less than one hectare per family. In recent years they have been affected by overproduction, poor grain quality, especially by thrips attack, and lack of community organisation.







Currently, 350,000 farmers plant cardamom, being the main source of income and, for most of them, the only agricultural income"=generating activity which they are familiar with. The loss of benefits for farmers has changed the activity; from one of low environmental impact -associated with the forest for the benefits of shade"=grown cultivation- to one with greater impact due to the use of chemical fertilisers in order to reduce production losses.







Cardamom is also important for the private sector due to the exports of the product in a global level, and for the higher education that perceive the opportunity to preserve life zones associated with most biologically diverse forests, compared to other crops in the area. Therefore, both have agreed to work together to improve community organisation, technology transfer to implement good management practices and crop diversification. The main strategy to use is education, seeking to promote community management of forest remnants maintaining biological value, through the ancestral management and proper use of the land. Therefore, farmers are trained to produce profitable cardamom with low impact to the environment.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cardamom, Guatemala, natural resource management
\index[key]{Cardamom}
\index[key]{Guatemala}
\index[key]{Natural!resource management}
\end{document}
