\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={What Happens When Nature Pushes Back? an Analysis of Acacia Karroo Encroachment in  South Africa},pdfauthor={Tendai Chiguware},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Acacia Karroo, bush encroachment, Eastern Cape, grazina and arable lands},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{What Happens When Nature Pushes Back? an Analysis of Acacia Karroo Encroachment in  South Africa\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Tendai Chiguware, University of Fort Hare, Fort Hare Institute of Social and Economic Research, 4 Hill Street, 5201~East London, South Africa, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{chiguwareft@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Tendai Chiguware}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Fort Hare, Fort Hare Institute of Social and Economic Research, South Africa}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Chiguware, Tendai}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
There are several researching that shows how man has sacrificed nature for his livelihood, leading to the destruction of the ozone layer and the melting of ice flow. The question to consider is what  man should do when nature is the one invading man's habitat? Should man stop it or should man respects the wishes of nature and retreats? This study looks at the ecological profile of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa where Acacia Karroo thorn trees have overran arable fields and grazing land. Agriculturalists are all for clearing the trees to make sure that livestock and wild animals still have some grazing land and communities can still practice their conventional agricultural methods while ecologists insists that Acacia Karroo trees are just spreading to protect themselves and to further protect the natural habitat underneath the trees. Too often the narrative has been one of man pushing the boundaries of nature to maintain and in some cases improve his livelihood. But what happens when nature pushes back and encroaches onto the land where man is working on? This study looks at the surprisingly difficult choices that man have to make when roles are reversed. The study is a microcosm into the bigger question of man happens when they feel threatened with nature. Further, the study assess the efficacy of the government's position which has been one of leaving the situation as is, with no policy in place to compensate communities who have lost grazing land and arable land to acacia karoo. More importantly, the study studies the relatively lack of a coping strategy from community members in the especially on how to harness the apparent threat to their advantage. Further, the study interrogates the efficacy and consequences of methods that have been used to deal with such encroachments before at how such encroachments. Lastly, the study looks at the possibility of a compromise between man and nature when they are all competing for the same space and resources.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Acacia Karroo, bush encroachment, Eastern Cape, grazina and arable lands
\index[key]{Acacia Karroo}
\index[key]{Bush encroachment}
\index[key]{Eastern Cape}
\index[key]{Grazina and arable lands}
\end{document}
