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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Environmental Role of \textit{Acacia Senegal} Tree in Eco"=peace Continuum in Arid and Semi Arid Zones of Kordofan Region"=sudan},pdfauthor={Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir, Mohamed E. Osman Elsayed, Osman Elsaid Adlan Abdelkareem},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Acacia senegal, Agroforestry , Environment, Gum Arabic},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Environmental Role of \textit{Acacia Senegal} Tree in Eco"=peace Continuum in Arid and Semi Arid Zones of Kordofan Region"=sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir, University of Kordofan, Gum Arabic Research Centre, El gamaa Street, 51111~Elobeid, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{moneer129@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir$^{1}$, Mohamed E. Osman Elsayed$^{2}$, Osman Elsaid Adlan Abdelkareem$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Kordofan, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Kordofan, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Kordofan, Forestry and Range Sciences, Sudan}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Eltahir, Muneer Elyas Siddig}
\index[author]{Elsayed, Mohamed E. Osman}
\index[author]{Abdelkareem, Osman Elsaid Adlan}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Semi arid zones of Sudan extends between latitudes 14 and 17° N and the low rain fall woodland savannah (75--300 mm) extends between latitudes 10 and 14° N, cover approximately \mbox{50\,\%} of the country area, these two zones are the most populated ones and most vulnerable to deforestation impacts, forest cover decline, over cultivation, over grazing and extensive clearance of forest increase the vulnerability of the ecosystem to desertification processes causing series threats to the woodland, gum Arabic gardens and rangelands. This work aimed at evaluating the environmental role of \textit{Acacia senegal} which is known as gum arabic tree in eco"=peace continuum in arid and semi arid zones of Kordofan Region-Sudan. \textit{Acacia senegal} considered as one of the important trees in the area hence it produces gum Arabic as the main export crop (\mbox{80\,\%} world production). However, the environmental sustainability of gum production system involves its impact on soil fertility and restoration through nitrogen fixation which contribute to increase crop yield. The efforts towards plantation of \textit{Acacia senegal} trees in many parts of the region paved the way to prevention of desertification by avoiding sand dunes formation. On the other hand, the tree has the ability to grow in the harsh environment with less water requirements, in this concern it is very useful in carbon sequestration particularly under climate change conditions. Acacia sengal also provides fodder and fuel wood which reduce the pressure on other ecosystem components. Moreover, it is intensively used in agro forestry system to provide shelter and increase the productivity of agricultural crops.  }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} \textit{Acacia senegal}, Agroforestry , Environment, Gum Arabic
\index[key]{Acacia senegal@\textit{Acacia senegal}}
\index[key]{Agroforestry }
\index[key]{Environment}
\index[key]{Gum Arabic}
\end{document}
