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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Biochar"=Based Inoculum of \textit{Bradyrhizobium} Improve Plant Growth and Yield of Lupin (\textit{Lupinus angustifolius} L.) under Drought Stress},pdfauthor={Dilfuza Egamberdieva, Moritz Reckling, Stephan Wirth},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Extreme conditions, grain legumes, hydrochar, inoculation, water scarcity},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Biochar"=Based Inoculum of \textit{Bradyrhizobium} Improve Plant Growth and Yield of Lupin (\textit{Lupinus angustifolius} L.) under Drought Stress\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Dilfuza Egamberdieva, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Inst. for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374~Müncheberg, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{Dilfuza.egamberdieva@zalf.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Dilfuza Egamberdieva, Moritz Reckling, Stephan Wirth}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Egamberdieva, Dilfuza}
\index[author]{Reckling, Moritz}
\index[author]{Wirth, Stephan}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The legume-Rhizobium symbiosis is known as the most efficient system for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through nodulation in legume roots. Drought stress is a major abiotic impact on the symbiotic performance of legumes, inhibiting plant growth, and decreasing yields. Biochar is a fine-grained substrate rich in organic carbon that is produced by pyrolysis or by heating biomass in a low oxygen environment and has been used worldwide as a soil amendment to increase soil fertility and plant growth. It is also considered as a suitable carrier material for bacterial inoculants. We have evaluated the potential of a biochar for suitability as a carrier for \textit{Bradyrhizobium} sp. (Lupinus) under irrigation and drought conditions. The three types of char were used as carrier material for bacteria: (i) hydrochar (HTC) from maize silage (ii) pyrolysis biochar from maize (MBC), and (iii) pyrolysis biochar from wood (WBC). A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field station of Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany. In the pot experiment survival of \textit{Bradyrhizobium} sp. (BR) populations were higher in HTC-char carrier material as compared to pyrolysis biochar from maize (MBC), and pyrolysis biochar from wood (WBC). The HTC based \textit{Bradyrhizobium} sp. inoculant (HTC-BR) significantly enhanced plant growth, uptake of N and P, and nodulation of lupin under drought compared to inoculation with BR strain. The survival of BR was more competent at drought stress condition, when introduced as HTC-based inocula compared to a direct inoculation. The result of field experiment showed, that the HTC-BR inoculant was effective in lupin growth promotion, and pod formation of lupin under both irrigated and drought conditions in comparison to the un-inoculated control. From our study, we conclude in general that HTC as carrier substrate increased survival of \textit{Bradyrhizobium} sp. inoculum, improving plant growth, nutrient uptake and symbiotic performance of lupin under drought stress. Our results imply that biochar based microbial inoculants are a promising practical approach to improve growth of legumes under hostile conditions.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Extreme conditions, grain legumes, hydrochar, inoculation, water scarcity
\index[key]{Grain legumes}
\index[key]{Hydrochar}
\index[key]{Inoculation}
\index[key]{Water!scarcity}
\index[key]{Biochar}
\end{document}
