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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Analyzing Strategies to Reduce Pesticide Use among Farmers in Zanjan, Iran},pdfauthor={Jafar Yaghoubi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Farmers, pesticides, sustainable agriculture},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Analyzing Strategies to Reduce Pesticide Use among Farmers in Zanjan, Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Jafar Yaghoubi, University of Zanjan, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development , 4537138111~Zanjan, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{yaghobi@znu.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Jafar Yaghoubi}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Zanjan, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development , Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Yaghoubi, Jafar}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Inappropriate consumption and use of hazardous pesticides in the past have left numerous complications such as increased pest control costs, environmental and health problems, pesticide residues in water, soil and products and different diseases in humans. At present, agricultural products especially of vegetables and fruit are spraying sometimes up to 15 times. And dose of pesticide referred to several times above the standard level and also the interval between the last week of the spraying and harvesting not being respected in Zanjan. According to the above issue, the purpose of this research was to identify strategies for reduce the use of chemical pesticides in the city of Zanjan. The research was an applied correlation method. Samples were selected using a three"=stage cluster sampling. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinions of faculty members and experts. To determine the reliability of the tool, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used (0.71--0.82). To determine the sample, stratified random sampling method was used. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Using exploratory factor analysis, strategies to reduce the use of pesticides from viewpoints of farmers were summarised in five factors including: Laws and naturalism, development, education and promotion activities, awareness rising are and monitoring, protection and improvement of cultural policies and encourage the production of healthy. These five factors together explained \mbox{69.92\,\%} of variance. According to the results, it is recommended regulation of agricultural production in the province, with a focus on healthy and sustainable products to be rethought. Also it is recommended that farmers' knowledge on the harmful effects of indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides is promoted using mass media and extension courses.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Farmers, pesticides, sustainable agriculture
\index[key]{Farmers}
\index[key]{Pesticides}
\index[key]{Sustainable!agriculture}
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