\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Estimating Farmers' Willingness to Protect Export Crops as Geographical Indication in Kenya: Choice Experiment Analysis},pdfauthor={Fredah Maina, John Mburu},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Choice experiments, coffee, geographical indication, Kenya, producers, tea},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Estimating Farmers' Willingness to Protect Export Crops as Geographical Indication in Kenya: Choice Experiment Analysis\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Fredah Maina, University of Nairobi, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Nairobi, Kenya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{fredah.maina@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Fredah Maina, John Mburu}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Nairobi, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kenya}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Maina, Fredah}
\index[author]{Mburu, John}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In Kenya, coffee and tea are major export products that are sold raw. Buyers demand for the products is mainly linked to their high quality compared to similar products from other parts of the world. The quality of the two crops are attributable to the handling at both farm and processing levels as well as geographical characteristics according to focused group discussions with producers and key informant interviews. These characteristics require environmentally sustainable practices, which in turn are compromised when returns to farmers' investments decline. Geographical indications have been used to differentiate products where unique characteristics are essentially attributable to the production region, and ensuring environmental sustainability of production. In Kenya, this remains a new area with the geographical indications bill still being in draft form. The objective of this study was to apply choice experiments to assess farmers' willingness to protect their tea and coffee as geographical indications. The study was conducted among 127 and 132 producers from Kirinyaga County for tea production and Muranga County for coffee production respectively. Data was analysed using latent class model in the NLOGIT software package. Latent class model enables identification of heterogenous segments in the population who value GI components of the crops differently. For each crop, two segments were identified and willingness to pay for different attributes determined. The attributes for both crops were (i) time information on price is received (beginning of season, before or after selling), (ii) level of protection (factory, county or regional), (iii) having minimum guaranteed returns; and (iv) approximate cost (per household) of registering the product. The positive and significant coefficients for the attributes show that tea producers are willing to protect their products as geographical indications in line with the various attribute levels. The choice experiment results are important for policy makers and implementers of geographical indications for export crops in designing implementation programs that provide information for producers but do not increase their costs substantively.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Choice experiments, coffee, geographical indication, Kenya, producers, tea
\index[key]{Choice experiments}
\index[key]{Coffee}
\index[key]{Geographical indication}
\index[key]{Kenya}
\index[key]{Producers}
\index[key]{Tea}
\end{document}
