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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Sustainable Intensified Pest Management: Opportunity for Cabbage Farmers in Tamale},pdfauthor={Eileen Bogweh Nchanji, Imogen Bellwood-Howard, Nikolaus Schareika, William Mala},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cabbage, integrated pest management, pesticide, sustainable intensification},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Sustainable Intensified Pest Management: Opportunity for Cabbage Farmers in Tamale\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Eileen Bogweh Nchanji, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology, Theaterplatz 15, 37073~Göttingen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{eileen-bogweh.nchanji@sowi.uni-goettingen.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Eileen Bogweh Nchanji$^{1}$, Imogen Bellwood-Howard$^{2}$, Nikolaus Schareika$^{3}$, William Mala$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Yaounde 1, Plant Biology, Cameroon}}}
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\index[author]{Nchanji, Eileen Bogweh}
\index[author]{Bellwood-Howard, Imogen}
\index[author]{Schareika, Nikolaus}
\index[author]{Mala, William}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In Tamale, Northern Ghana, vegetable production is a livelihood strategy for urban and peri"=urban dwellers. Vegetable production is mostly found in open spaces around water bodies, with farmers cultivating on less than 0.5 acres of land. This practice is informal as vegetable farming is not a recognised urban land use within the formal planning system.  However, farmers of vegetables, cabbage in particular, are threatened by pest attacks. Many studies have revealed an excessive use of pesticides and the lack of an integrated pest management system in urban agriculture. A mixed"=methods study was carried out in 2015 to understand cabbage farmers' pest management practices and investigate the opportunities for a sustainable intensified pest management system. A semi"=structured questionnaire was administered to 143 farmers from over 22 cabbage farming sites in Tamale. In addition, key informant interviews, informal conversations and focus group discussions were conducted. The study revealed that fifty seven percent of farm land was either borrowed or squatted on by farmers as urbanisation takes over interstitial spaces formerly used for farming. Three quarters of cabbage farmers have acquired information from sensitisation exercises, from other farmers and the media on pesticide use and management. Despite vegetable farming informal status, governmental as well as non"=governmental organisations have been involved in sensitisation. Highly experienced farmers are mindful of safe pre"=harvest chemical application intervals and are experimenting with organic farming techniques. Farmer"=to-farmer exchanges have proved most effective in knowledge dissemination, opening up an opportunity for an intensified sustainable integrated pest management system in urban agriculture.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cabbage, integrated pest management, pesticide, sustainable intensification
\index[key]{Cabbage}
\index[key]{Integrated!pest management}
\index[key]{Pesticide}
\index[key]{Sustainable!intensification}
\end{document}
