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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Water Use and Efficiency of Cereal and Oil Crops in Tanzania: A Case Study from Makutupora, Tanzania},pdfauthor={Angela Schaffert, Alexandra Schappert, Jörn Germer, Folkard Asch},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Crop water requirements, crop x environment interactions, phenological development, soil water},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Water Use and Efficiency of Cereal and Oil Crops in Tanzania: A Case Study from Makutupora, Tanzania\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Angela Schaffert, University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{a.schaffert@uni-hohenheim.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Angela Schaffert, Alexandra Schappert, Jörn Germer, Folkard Asch}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Schaffert, Angela}
\index[author]{Schappert, Alexandra}
\index[author]{Germer, Jörn}
\index[author]{Asch, Folkard}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Water is the major limiting factor for crop growth in seasonally drought prone areas in East Africa. Although the total amount of rainfall is often sufficient to bring the crops to maturity, the yield is often low because of poor rainfall distribution. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of productivity increase for pearl millet (\textit{Pennisetum glaucum} (L.) R.Br.), sorghum (\textit{Sorghum bicolor} (L.) Moench), upland rice (NERICA 4) and sunflower (\textit{Helianthus annuus }L.) within the seasonal variability of the Trans-SEC study regions Dodoma and Morogoro, Tanzania. The focus lies on exploring the effects of different water availabilities and drought events on the crop growth. Phenological development, biomass production and partitioning, yield determining processes and grain yield are analysed as a function of changing water input, soil water availabilities and climatic factors (crop\,$\times$\,environment interactions). The crop water requirements in order to achieve a certain desired yield are defined for different environments. This involves examining the timing and depth of its application with regard to the crop growth stages. 



The experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute Makutupora in the central zone of Tanzania between April 2014 and November 2015. Field trials were implemented both in the dry season and with a slightly different set up in the rainy season. During the dry season, precipitation patterns of the Dodoma and Morogoro region were simulated with an installed drip irrigation system. Drought scenarios were integrated, varying in their onset and duration. Within the rainy season rainfed treatments were compared with life saving irrigation. For all seasons one treatment was irrigated according to the crop water requirements. 



The gained dataset is expected to serve as a basis for the planning of using external water sources (supplemental irrigation) in order to mitigate the effects of drought events. In addition, the outcomes are expected to facilitate a climate sensitive selection of crops in regions where unpredicted rainfall occurs, to explore the suitability of alternative crops and to validate current crop water models.







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Crop water requirements, crop\,$\times$\,environment interactions, phenological development, soil water
\index[key]{Crop!water requirements}
\index[key]{Crop!x environment interactions}
\index[key]{Phenological development}
\index[key]{Soil!water}
\end{document}
