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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Soil Drives Tree Diversity and Forest Structure in Papuan Moist Forest},pdfauthor={Yosias Gandhi, Ralph Mitlöhner},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Forest structure, Papua, soil characteristic, tree species diversity},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Soil Drives Tree Diversity and Forest Structure in Papuan Moist Forest\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Yosias Gandhi, The State University of Papua, Fac. of Forestry\newline current address: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Burckhardt-Institute, Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{yosias.gandhi@stud.uni-goettingen.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Yosias Gandhi$^{1}$, Ralph Mitlöhner$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$The State University of Papua, Fac. of Forestry, Indonesia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Burckhardt-Inst., Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Gandhi, Yosias}
\index[author]{Mitlöhner, Ralph}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This paper presents important soil characteristics driving variation of forest structure and diversity in tropical moist forest.  The objective of this study is to determine soil properties that play important role in formation of forest structure and diversity in Papuan moist forest.  We collected tree species and soil data from 16 1-ha plots distributed in four dominant soil types in northern and southern part of Papuan lowland forest. We then computed tree density (total, canopy and sub canopy), basal area and lorey's mean height as forest structure variables and species richness, Shannon diversity, present of dominant species and successional index as diversity variables.  On the other hand, we recorded clay, silt and sand content as soil texture variables and we analysed soil chemical properties such as C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, CEC and pH as our soil nutrient variables.  Before running our regression model, we reduced dimensionality in soil chemical and physical properties in order to represent soil measures related to soil fertility and soil water holding capacity. We also corrected spatial effects on vegetation data by separating the spatial pattern from environmental effects. Moreover, we hypothesised that soil nutrient would significantly contribute to variation in tree variables in comparison to soil texture because vegetation in the moist forest is barely limited by water holding capacity. In line with our expectation, we found that none of vegetation variables was significantly explained by soil physical characteristics and soil fertility explained 30 percent of forest variables. Lorey's mean height positively increased with forest soil nutrient because number of big diameter trees strongly increased as soil fertility increased.  Shannon diversity also rose as organic matter increased in the forest soil. This was probably because of abundance of shade"=tolerant species found also increased in soil carbon and nitrogen. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Forest structure, Papua, soil characteristic, tree species diversity
\index[key]{Forest!structure}
\index[key]{Papua}
\index[key]{Soil!characteristic}
\index[key]{Tree!species diversity}
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