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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Yield and Water Productivity of Barley under Water and Nitrogen Regimes},pdfauthor={Mojtaba Naghdyzadegan, Fatemeh Razzaghi, Shahrokh Zand-Parsa},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Barley, Nitrogen, Water, Water productivity, Yield},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\begin{document}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Yield and Water Productivity of Barley under Water and Nitrogen Regimes\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mojtaba Naghdyzadegan, Shiraz University, Water Engineering Department, Shiraz, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{naghdyzadegan@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mojtaba Naghdyzadegan$^{1}$, Fatemeh Razzaghi$^{2}$, Shahrokh Zand-Parsa$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Shiraz University, Water Engineering Department, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Shiraz University, Water Engineering Department, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Shiraz University, Water Engineering Department, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Naghdyzadegan, Mojtaba}
\index[author]{Razzaghi, Fatemeh}
\index[author]{Zand-Parsa, Shahrokh}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Barley (\textit{Hordeum vulgare} L.) is one of the most important cereals and it is important to investigate the effects of different levels of water and nitrogen fertiliser on barley production to ensure food security under arid and semi"=arid regions. Two"=year field experiment were conducted to study the effects of water and nitrogen on grain yield (GY) and water productivity (WPGY for grain) of barley (cv. Reyhaneh 0--3) in 2013--2014 and 2014--2015. Four levels of irrigation regimes (0, 50, 75, and \mbox{100\,\%} irrigation requirement) as main plot and nitrogen fertiliser (0, 70, 140 and \mbox{210\,kg} N ha$^{-1}$) as subplots were performed with 3 replications in spilt plot design. All treatments received 100 mm of water as initial water for germination. Main effects of irrigation treatments showed that GY and WPGY increased significantly with the total amount of applied water from rain"=fed to 0.75 IR treatment. Although the GY increased between I3 and I4, it was not significant. GY and WPGY also by increasing nitrogen fertiliser rate. Maximum mean WPGY (1.34 and \mbox{1.27\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ in first and second year, respectively) achieved at 0.75 IR in both year. Maximum WPGY (1.31 and \mbox{1.17\,kg} m$^{-3}$ in first and second year, respectively) achieved at \mbox{140\,kg} N ha$^{-1}$.  According to the results, maximum grain yield and WPGY achieved \mbox{25\,\%} deficit irrigation with \mbox{140\,kg} N ha$^{-1}$ is the appropriate management for winter barley in the study region with 259 and 222 mm seasonal rainfall and 38 and \mbox{23\,kg} N ha$^{-1}$ residual mineral nitrogen in first and second year, respectively.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Barley, Nitrogen, Water, Water productivity, Yield
\index[key]{Barley}
\index[key]{Nitrogen}
\index[key]{Water}
\index[key]{Water!productivity}
\end{document}
