Tropentag, September 17 - 19, 2014 in Prague, Czech Republic "Bridging the gap between increasing knowledge and decreasing resources"

Characterisation of Wild Musa Accessions Recently Introduced to the International Gene Bank

¹Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Republic
²Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Belgium
³Bioversity International, Belgium
⁴Bioversity International, France

Abstract

Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are one of the most important world trade commodities and are a staple food for millions of people in countries of the humid tropics. The production of bananas is, however, threatened by the rapid spread of various diseases and adverse environmental conditions. The Musa genetic diversity, which is of paramount importance for breeding of resistant cultivars, needs to be preserved and better characterised. The world's largest banana and plantain collection is managed by the Bioversity International Transit Centre (ITC) in Belgium and contains more than 1500 accessions maintained in vitro. The collection is being continuously expanded by new accessions representing various edible cultivars, improved materials and wild species from different parts of the world. Recently new germplasm was collected in Indonesia and successively introduced into the international Musa gene bank. The aim of this work was to characterise the genotype of these accessions in order to shed light on their genome structure and to confirm their taxonomic classification. A total of 21 wild Musa accessions were analysed and their nuclear genome size and the genomic distribution of ribosomal RNA genes were determined, showing a high degree of variability in both characters. Genotyping with a set of 19 microsatellite markers identified Musa species that are closely related to the studied accessions and provided data to aid in their classification. Sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 suggested that some of the accessions are of interspecific hybrid origin and/or represent backcross progenies of interspecific hybrids.

Keywords: FISH, genome size, genotyping, musa, rDNA

Contact Address: Jana Cízková, Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic, e-mail: cizkovaueb.cas.cz