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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Rumen Degradation Characteristics and Tannin Biological Effects of Brazilian Tanniniferous Tropical Plants Based on \textit{in vitro} Gas Production Technique.  },pdfauthor={Ronaldo C. Lucas, Yosra A. Soltan, Amr Salah Morsy, Jacinta  D. F.  Gomes, Maria E.Q. Vieira, Helder Louvandini, Adibe L. Abdalla},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2011: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Degradation and tannin bioassay, gas production, methane, native pasture, polyethylene glycol},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, October 5-7, 2011, Bonn}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Development on the margin''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Rumen Degradation Characteristics and Tannin Biological Effects of Brazilian Tanniniferous Tropical Plants Based on \textit{in vitro} Gas Production Technique.  \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ronaldo C. Lucas, University of São Paulo (USP), Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), Animal Nutrition Laboratory, AV. São João , 13416-382 ~Piracicaba, Brazil, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{rclucas@cena.usp.br}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ronaldo C. Lucas$^{1}$, Yosra A. Soltan$^{1}$, Amr Salah Morsy$^{1}$, Jacinta  D. F.  Gomes$^{2}$, Maria E.Q. Vieira$^{2}$, Helder Louvandini$^{1}$, Adibe L. Abdalla$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of São Paulo (USP), Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Brazil}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of São Paulo (USP), College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), Brazil}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Lucas, Ronaldo C.}
\index[author]{Soltan, Yosra A.}
\index[author]{Morsy, Amr Salah}
\index[author]{Gomes, Jacinta  D. F. }
\index[author]{Vieira, Maria E.Q.}
\index[author]{Louvandini, Helder}
\index[author]{Abdalla, Adibe L.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Four tanniniferous tropical plants, Aroeira (\textit{Astronian urundeuva}), Catingueira (\textit{Caesalpinea bracteosa}), Jureminha (\textit{Desmanthus virgatus}) and Leucaena (\textit{Leucaena leucocephala}) collected  from four sites of Brazilian Northeast during three seasons (August 2008,  March 2009 and August 2009) (total 48 sample per plant) were evaluated individually for their ruminal methanogenic potential, degradability and tannin bioactivity based on 24h \textit{in~vitro} semi"=automatic system for gas production (GP) (2 inoculum per sample plant). Lucerne (\textit{Medicago sativa}) hay was used as control. The plants showed crude protein content of 143, 119, 169 and 212 g kg\textsuperscript{-1} DM for Aroeira, Catingueira, Jureminha and Leucaena, respectively. Methane (CH$_{4}^{}$) parameters were calculated based on the truly degraded organic matter (TDOM), tannin bioassay was calculated as \% increase in GP in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG addition). All data were statistically corrected for season effect (dew point as covariate). The results indicated that the experimental plants decreased ($p < 0.0001$) the GP and CH$_{4}^{}$ compared to the control. Aroeira showed the least CH$_{4}^{}$ and TDOM either with or without PEG addition and showed the highest values for the \% increase in GP and CH$_{4}^{}$ production therfore Aroeira presented the highest value for the methane inhibtion potentinal (\mbox{48.12\,\%}) compared with the control; probably due to its high tannin content (22.6 g condensed tannins per kg DM) whereas both Leucaena and Catingueira reduced ($p < 0.0001$) the CH$_{4}^{}$ by 26.2 and \mbox{25.2\,\%} without adverse effect on the TDOM as compared to the control. It could be concluded that these plants are potentially promising to reduce the methane production in the rumen and to overcome nutrients limitation in these tropical regions.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Degradation and tannin bioassay, gas production, methane, native pasture, polyethylene glycol
\index[key]{Tannin bioassay}
\index[key]{Gas production}
\index[key]{Methane}
\index[key]{Native pasture}
\index[key]{Polyethylene glycol}
\end{document}