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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Transpiration on Iron Translocation and Mechanisms of Iron Toxicity Tolerance in Lowland Rice (\textit{Oryza sativa} L.)},pdfauthor={Ram Shrestha, Katrin Engel, Christine Kreye, Mathias Becker},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={AAS, leaf symptom, Oryza sativa, root plaque, transpiration},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Effect of Transpiration on Iron Translocation and Mechanisms of Iron Toxicity Tolerance in Lowland Rice (\textit{Oryza sativa} L.)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ram Shrestha, University of Bonn, Agricultural Sciences and Resource Management in Tropics and Subtropics, Hirschberger Strasse 58-64,  53119 Bonn, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{Shresthark_2004@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ram Shrestha$^{1}$, Katrin Engel$^{2}$, Christine Kreye$^{2}$, Mathias Becker$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Bonn, Agricultural Sciences and Resource Management in Tropics and Subtropics, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Shrestha, Ram}
\index[author]{Engel, Katrin}
\index[author]{Kreye, Christine}
\index[author]{Becker, Mathias}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Iron toxicity is one of the main constraints to lowland rice production and can cause 12--\mbox{100\,\%} of yield loss depending on intensity and duration of the Fe(II)~stress and the tolerance of the  genotpye. Iron toxicity is primarily caused by the excessive uptake and acropetal translocation of Fe(II)~via the xylem stream into the leaves. The rate and extent of this iron transport is linked to the transpiration behaviour of the plant. The transpiration rate may not only determine the iron translocation in the plant but may also affect the effectivenes of the tolerance mechanism. Six rice genotypes were grown in hydroponic culture under greenhouse conditions for 36-day and subjected to control, 500 mg L$^{-1}$, 1000 mg L$^{-1}$ and 1500 mg L$^{-1}$ Fe(II)~for  4 days under high and  low vapour pressure deficits of 0.3 Kpa and 2.4 Kpa respectively. Irrespective of the genotypes and Fe stresses, there was significant effects of VPD on symptom development, biomass reduction, transpiration, root Fe exclusion and Fe uptake and partitioning. Rice genotypes showed earlier leaf symptoms under higher VPD  than lower VPD and the symptoms were also more pronounced under high VPD with the consequence of more biomass reduction. Root Fe exclusion was higher under high VPD but it reduced with increased levels of Fe stress under both level of VPD. Plant Fe uptake also increased with increasing Fe stress and VPD. Under both VPD, though most  of the iron was sequestered into root, Fe partioning to the shoot and leaf increased with increasing stress of Fe(II)~as well as VPD. These responses, however, differed among genotypes. Genotypes such as Pokkali, TOX3107 and CK73 were less affected by Fe stresses as well as VPD as compared to IR$^{3}$17, Nipponbare and WAS161 in terms of those parameters. It was observed that transpiration was significantly lower for Pokkali, TOX3107 and CK73. Iron toxicity tolerance mechanisms of the genotypes also differed with levels of Fe stress and VPD. 







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} AAS, leaf symptom, \textit{Oryza sativa}, root plaque, transpiration
\index[key]{AAS}
\index[key]{Leaf!symptom}
\index[key]{Oryza sativa@\textit{Oryza sativa}}
\index[key]{Root plaque}
\index[key]{Transpiration}
\end{document}