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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Urbanisation and Food Security in Developing Countries --- Learning from the European Experience},pdfauthor={Axel  W. Drescher, Robert J. Holmer},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Allotment gardens, ecological sanitation, environmental management, food security, poverty alleviation, urban horticulture},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Urbanisation and Food Security in Developing Countries --- Learning from the European Experience\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Robert J. Holmer, Avrdc - the World Vegetable Center, 4/f Research & Development Bldg. Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{robert.holmer@worldveg.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Axel  W. Drescher$^{1}$, Robert J. Holmer$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Section Applied Geography of the Tropics and Subtropics (APT), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Avrdc - the World Vegetable Center, Thailand}}}
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\index[author]{Drescher, Axel  W.}
\index[author]{Holmer, Robert J.}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Conditions of hunger, poverty and social neglect were widespread in Germany and other European countries nearly 200 years ago when the first "gardens for the poor" emerged. Rapid industrialisation, accompanied by urbanisation and migration, forced large numbers of people into dismal living conditions. As one reaction of the societies, allotment gardens were established which thrive in Europe (and Northern America) until the present day.  Key elements for the success story of allotment gardens were the incorporation of urban food production into local and national legislation, community organisation through the formation of allotment gardens associations and guaranteed, long term access to land. Pilot projects in South-Africa and the Philippines demonstrated that the European allotment garden model can contribute significantly to achieve several of the MDGs such as MDG 1 by improving the access of urban poor communities to year"=round available, affordable and healthy vegetables,  MDG 2 by focusing on the fact that children need to be well nourished and healthy to attend school and benefit from education, and MDG 7 by introducing ecological sanitation concepts to the allotment gardens and linking them with integrated solid waste management programs of local governments by using compost from segregated organic city wastes.



Challenges for a long"=term sustainability of the allotment garden model in developing countries are lacking legal frameworks that ensure a long term tenure to land, access to appropriate vegetable varieties suited to the respective agro"=ecological conditions as well as knowledge on integrated crop production technologies that are economically viable, culturally accepted as well as environmentally benign.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Allotment gardens, ecological sanitation, environmental management, food security, poverty alleviation, urban horticulture
\index[key]{Allotment gardens}
\index[key]{Ecological!sanitation}
\index[key]{Environmental!management}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Poverty alleviation}
\index[key]{Urban!horticulture}
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