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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect FYM, Azospirillum and Azotobacter Bacteria on the Yield and Quality Traits of Maize (\textit{Zea mays} L.)},pdfauthor={Behzad Sani},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Azospirillum, Azotobacter, FYM, maize (Zea mays L.)},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect FYM, Azospirillum and Azotobacter Bacteria on the Yield and Quality Traits of Maize (\textit{Zea mays} L.)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Behzad Sani, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, P.O. Box: 37515-374, Shahr-e Qods, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{bhz.sani@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Behzad Sani}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Sani, Behzad}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Benefits from the application of plant growth promoting bacteria in agriculture largely depend on the complex interactions between several factors including the nature of fertilisers selected. In order to study the effects of farm yard manure (FYM), Azospirillum and Azotobacter bacteria on the growth of corn a field experiment was conducted. The experimental design of the experiment was randomised complete blocks with factorial arrangement with four replications. Treatment consisted of two levels of FYM (application and non application), azotobacter in two levels (inoculation and non inoculation) and two levels of Azotobacter (inoculation and non inoculation). Their separate effect and bilateral effects on each other in compare with control that no fertiliser was used. During to experiment yield, parts of yield, plant height, leaf area index,  stem dry weight, length of ear, seed protein percentage, weight of ear and physiological indexes such as CGR, LAI, RGR, NAR, LAR were measured. Results revealed that application of triple interaction of factors have most positive effect in studied characters, and then application of manure with Azospirillum, manure with Azotobacter and Azospirillum with Azotobacter in order have most positive effect. Effect of interaction between Azospirillum, Azotobacter and application FYM result in more grain yield, thousand kernel weight, number of seed row in ear, number of seeds per ear, number of seed row, harvest index and protein percentage in compare with control (27, 5, 14, 33, 17, 25 and \mbox{19\,\%}, respectively). Therefore, biofertilisers applications could play considerable role in increasing yield and consequently development of maize cultivation.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Azospirillum, Azotobacter, FYM, maize, \textit{Zea mays} 
\index[key]{Azospirillum}
\index[key]{Azotobacter}
\index[key]{FYM}
\index[key]{Maize}
\index[key]{Zea mays@\textit{Zea mays}}
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