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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Diversity, Uses, and Distributional Patterns of Legume Species in the Major Community Types of Northeastern Mexico},pdfauthor={Eduardo Estrada Castillón, Alfonso Delgado Salinas, José Villarreal Quintanilla},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Distribution, diversity, legumes, Mexico},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Diversity, Uses, and Distributional Patterns of Legume Species in the Major Community Types of Northeastern Mexico\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Eduardo Estrada Castillón, University Autonomous of Nuevo León, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Basic Sciences, Km 145 Carr Linares-Cd. Victoria, 67768~Linares, Mexico, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{aeduardoestradac@prodigy.net.mx}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Eduardo Estrada Castillón$^{1}$, Alfonso Delgado Salinas$^{2}$, José Villarreal Quintanilla$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University Autonomous of Nuevo León, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Basic Sciences, Mexico}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Mexico Autonomous National University, Department of Biology, Mexico}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Botany, Mexico}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Estrada Castillón, Eduardo}
\index[author]{Delgado Salinas, Alfonso}
\index[author]{Villarreal Quintanilla, José}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\small{
From the 259 species of legumes recorded, the distribution of 242 wild species of legumes over 224 locations within 12 plant communities was examined in northeastern Mexico.  Objectives were: (1)~to determine diversity of legumes in the mountains and plains of northeastern Mexico, (2)~to elucidate distributional patterns of legumes in this region, and (3)~to know what are the main legume species and their main uses in northeastern Mexico. The subfamily \textit{Papilionoideae} had the largest number of wild genera (47) and species (167), followed by \textit{Mimosoideae} (13 and 44) and \textit{Caesalpinioideae} (10 and 31).  Genera with the largest number of native species were \textit{Dalea} (28), \textit{Desmodium} (16), \textit{Astragalus} (13), \textit{Senna} (13), \textit{Acacia} (11), \textit{Phaseolus }(10), \textit{Crotalaria} (9), and \textit{Lupinus} (8). Of wild legumes, 24 genera had $\geq$3 species each and 21 species were endemic to this area; most were \textit{Lupinus} (5 species), \textit{Astragalus} (4), and \textit{Dalea} (4).  Almost all of the 21 endemic species were $>$1\,500\,m in elevation in oak"=pine forests (7), oak forests (5), and cool"=temperate forests (5). Only one endemic species occurred $<$1\,400\,m in elevation. Of the endemic species, \mbox{90.5\,\%} were in the subfamily \textit{Papilionoideae}.  There were 17 cultivated legumes, most of them in \textit{Caesalpinioideae}.  Similarity and dissimilarity matrixes using the S\"orensen coefficient were assessed using minimum"=variance clustering. Using diversity of legumes, three assemblages of plant communities were recognised. Oak, oak"=pine, mesic"=conifer, and cool"=temperate forests harbored the highest diversity of legumes, while rosetophyllous and xeric scrublands and halophytic communities contained the lowest diversity. Species of the subfamily \textit{Mimosoideae} were the most used, main uses includes, forage, fuel, charcoal, handcrafts, furniture, the main genera are \textit{Prosopis}, \textit{Acacia}, \textit{Havardia}, \textit{Leucaena}, and \textit{Ebenopsis}. \textit{Caesalpinioideae} includes 17 species used as ornamentals. All toxic legumes recorded belong to the subfamily \textit{Papilionoideae}, and includes mainly species of the genera \textit{Astragalus} and \textit{Lupinus}. Some species of \textit{Papilionoideae} are used as medicine (\textit{Eysenhardtia texana}, \textit{Indigofera suffruticosa}) and several of them are used as food (\textit{Phaseolus vulgaris}, \textit{Cicer arietinum}, \textit{Pisum sativum}, \textit{Vicia faba}, and \textit{Lens culinaris}). }

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Distribution, diversity, legumes, Mexico
\index[key]{Distribution}
\index[key]{Diversity}
\index[key]{Legumes}
\index[key]{Mexico}
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