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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effects of two Different Nutrition Systems (Organic and Chemical) on Yield and Yield Components of German Chamomile (\textit{Matricaria chamomilla} L.) },pdfauthor={Amin Salehi, Amir Ghalavand, Fatemeh Sefidkon, Ahmad Asgharzadeh},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Different nutrition systems, essential oil, flower yield, german chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Effects of two Different Nutrition Systems (Organic and Chemical) on Yield and Yield Components of German Chamomile (\textit{Matricaria chamomilla} L.) \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Amin Salehi, Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Agronomy, Ph.d. Student of Agronomy Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{a.salehi@modares.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Amin Salehi$^{1}$, Amir Ghalavand$^{1}$, Fatemeh Sefidkon$^{2}$, Ahmad Asgharzadeh$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Medcinal Plants, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Soil and Water Research Institute, Soil Science, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Salehi, Amin}
\index[author]{Ghalavand, Amir}
\index[author]{Sefidkon, Fatemeh}
\index[author]{Asgharzadeh, Ahmad}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Among several alternative agricultural systems have been developed, organic agriculture has deserved increasing interest from. In order to study the effects of different nutrition systems (Organic and Chemical) on yield and yield component German Chamomile (\textit{Matricaria chamomilla} L.) an experiment was be conduct in 2008 at the research farm of faculty of agriculture in Tarbiat Modares University in Peykan shahr, Tehran, Iran. The treatments were arranged as factorial in a randomised complete blocks design with twelve treatments and three replications. The factors were PGPR inoculation (inoculated and no inoculated), zeolite (0 and 9 ton ha\textsuperscript{-1}) and vermicompost (0, 5, ton ha\textsuperscript{-1}) in organic nutrition system. These treatments together with a chemical fertiliser control treatment (N: \unitfrac[60]{Kg}{ha}) were also evaluated using a randomised complete blocks design with thirteen treatments and three replications. Studied characteristics were plant height, number of flower in plant, biomass, dry flower yield, essential oil content and yield essential oil. All data were analysed from analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the GLM procedure in SAS and means were compared using LSD at level of 0.05. 



The results showed that different nutrition systems significantly affected all of measured traits, as plants treated by a mixture of compost, microorganisms and zeolite (organic nutrition system) showed a significant increase in vegetative growth, biomass, flower yield and essential oil content and yield. The significant difference between organic with chemical nutrition system on flower dry yield was not observed. Also, the essential oil content and essential oil yield in organic nutrition system was greater than chemichal nutrition system but significant difference between them was not observed. Consequently, the experimental results showed that organic nutrition system could be substantiated for the N inorganic fertiliser (conventional system) to an extent of 60 kg ha\textsuperscript{-1} while the agronomic characteristic, flower yield and essential oil content of German chamomile were comparable to the chemical cropping system.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Different nutrition systems, essential oil, flower yield, german chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla
\index[key]{Different nutrition systems}
\index[key]{Essential oil}
\index[key]{Flower yield}
\index[key]{German chamomile}
\index[key]{\textit{Matricaria chamomilla}}
\end{document}