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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Relative Efficacy of Different Green Manures, Cattle Manure and Mycorizal on Soil Biological Properties and Sunflower Production},pdfauthor={Ehsan Jamshidi, Amir Ghalavand, Amin Salehi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Mycorriza, oil content, organic manure, Soil microbial biomass, Soil organic carbon, sunflower.  },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Relative Efficacy of Different Green Manures, Cattle Manure and Mycorizal on Soil Biological Properties and Sunflower Production\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ehsan Jamshidi, Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Agronomy, Department of  Faculty of Agriculture Tarbiat Modares University Tehraniran., 14115-336~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{Jamshidi_e@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ehsan Jamshidi$^{1}$, Amir Ghalavand$^{2}$, Amin Salehi$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Tarbiat Modares University, Agronomy Department, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Jamshidi, Ehsan}
\index[author]{Ghalavand, Amir}
\index[author]{Salehi, Amin}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Maintenance of soil organic matter is important for the long"=term productivity of agro ecosystems. Experiment was conducted during 2008, 2009 growing seasons at the Field of College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran Province, Iran to study the effect of Mycoorriza (Glomus mosseae), Green manure, nitrogen fertiliser (N) cattle manure(CM) and integrated cattle manure(CM) with chemical fertiliser on on yield, yield component sunflower (Helianthus annus L. cv. Alestar), Soil microbial biomass, Soil organic C, total N and available P and K in soil. The experimental design was split plot laid out in RCB with three replications. The treatments were seven  levels of fertiliser [green manure, as berseem clover (B), Persian clover (P), Medicago (M), intercropping three (B. P. M) cattle manure(CM), integrated treatment of \mbox{50\,\%} CF + \%50 CM and chemical fertiliser (CF)] and two inoculation sub"=plots (inoculation and non inoculation). Positive effect of Green manure, cattle manure, integrated treatment of \mbox{50\,\%} CF + \%50 CM and mycorriza in the oil percentage, Soil microbial biomass, Soil organic C,  N, P and K content  in soil. Organic manure and integrated organic manure with inorganic increased yield yield component, dry matter, Soil microbial biomass, Soil organic C and total N in year 2009 into year 2008. Yield, yield component, dry matter of sunflower crop, Soil organic C, N, P and K content in soil was significantly increased by the mycorriza. Finally organic manure, integrated organic manure with inorganic and mycoriza practices also significantly increased the proportion of organic C, oil percentage, N, P and K content in soil. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Mycorriza, oil content, organic manure, Soil microbial biomass, Soil organic carbon, sunflower.  
\index[key]{Mycorriza}
\index[key]{Oil content}
\index[key]{Organic!manure}
\index[key]{Soil!microbial biomass}
\index[key]{Soil!organic carbon}
\index[key]{Sunflower.  }
\end{document}