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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Study Physiology of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) Yield and Determining the Contribution of Hybridisation and Heterosis to Rapeseed Yield Improvement},pdfauthor={Ghoplam Ali Akbari},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Radiation use efficiency, rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), Total dry matter},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Study Physiology of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) Yield and Determining the Contribution of Hybridisation and Heterosis to Rapeseed Yield Improvement\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ghoplam Ali Akbari, University of Tehran, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ghakbari@ut.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ghoplam Ali Akbari}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Tehran, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Akbari, Ghoplam Ali}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
To study physiology of rapeseed (\textit{Brassica napus} L.) yield, also determining the contribution of hybridisation and heterosis to rapeseed yield improvement, an experiment was conducted in the research field of Aboreihan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran. Eight rapeseed cultivars (two hybrids: Ebonite and Elite; and six inbred: Licord, Okapi, Opera, Orient, Regent*Cobra and SLM 046) were studied in a randomised complete block design with four application. Results indicated that hybridisation has significantly improved oil, grain and biological yields of hybrids compared to inbreds. Elite and Ebonite produced the highest oil and grain yields, while Opera was ranked the lowest. The highest amount of oil percent and harvest index (HI) were belonged to Elite and SLM 046, respectively, and the lowest to Opera. Significant differences were observed for number of pods/plant, number of seed/pod, plant height, number of branches/plant and height of first branch. It was also concluded that high leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio and leaf area index duration (LAID) after rosette stage and prior to flowering are among the most important traits in rapeseed to produce high grain yield and these were best observed in hybrid cultivars. Consequently, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were less in hybrids at this period of growth. Also, hybrids cultivar produced more dry matter till 180 days after planting due to the same reason. Cultivars were ranked into two groups based on their vertical leaf area distribution: those which concentrated the most leaf area in 20--\mbox{40\,cm} layer (Elite, Regent*Cobra, Licord, Okapi, Opera and Orient) and those which produced the most leaf area in 0--\mbox{20\,cm} layer (Ebonite and SLM 046). The highest RUE was also observed in Orient and Ebonite, respectively. Totally, Ebonite was introduced as an ideotype or crop model for rapeseed due to the following traits: high oil, grain and biological yields, better vertical leaf area distribution, longer growth period and biological yields, better vertical leaf area distribution, longer growth period till flowering, high LAI in canopy closure, relatively high HI, high LAID prior to flowering, high RUE (1.47 g MJ$^{-1}$). }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Radiation use efficiency, rapeseed (\textit{Brassica napus} L.), Total dry matter
\index[key]{Radiation use efficiency}
\index[key]{Rapeseed (Brassica napus@\textit{Brassica napus} L.)}
\index[key]{Total dry matter}
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