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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Synopsis of Bacterial Diseases and Heavy Metals in Freshwater Crayfish Populations in Egypt (\textit{Procambarus clarkii})},pdfauthor={Riad Khalil, Salah El-Banna},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Aeromonas hydrophila, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Procambarus clarkii},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Synopsis of Bacterial Diseases and Heavy Metals in Freshwater Crayfish Populations in Egypt (\textit{Procambarus clarkii})\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Riad Khalil, University of Alexandria, Department of Crustacean and Fish Disease, Montaza, 0123~Abo Keer, Egypt, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ryadvet@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Riad Khalil$^{1}$, Salah El-Banna$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Alexandria, Department of Crustacean and Fish Disease, Egypt}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Agricultural Research Center,  Alexandria Laboratory, Dept. of Aquatic Animal Medecine, Egypt}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Khalil, Riad}
\index[author]{El-Banna, Salah}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Crayfish are freshwater crustacean that look like a tiny lobster, freshwater crayfish (\textit{Procambarus clarkii}) had been introduced accidentally and appear in the River Nile and its resource all over Egypt during the last years.



The objectif of this study was to evaluate the potential bacterial pathogens of Crayfish and a typical point source pattern, with the highest levels of heavy metals. 



Total hundred and fifty (150) Crayfish samples were collected from different farms and lakes of Alexandria and Behera governorates. The samples were subjected to bacteriological isolation on different media as R.S. media, Pseudomonas agar, Nutrient agar and Brain heart infusion agar media. Ash, minerals and some trace and heavy metals (using atomic absorption spectrophotometer) were determined. 



The obtained results revealed the bacterial pathogens isolated from Crayfish include the \textit{Aeromonas hydrophila }(\mbox{55\,\%}), \textit{Flavobacterium columnaris} (\mbox{15\,\%}), \textit{Pseudomonas aerginosa} (\mbox{10\,\%}), \textit{Vibrio ordalli }(\mbox{5\,\%}), \textit{Edwardsiella tarda} (\mbox{5\,\%}) and \textit{Acinetobacter} species (\mbox{5\,\%}).



Also, this investigation showed that the highest levels of trace and heavy metals recovered from the Crayfish exoskeleton, hindgut and hemolymph.



Manganese, lead and copper levels were as high as 35.176, 1.948 and 3.721 $\mu$g/g, respectively. Zinc and Cadmium were the most abundant of the detected heavy metal contaminants with values on the order of 64.732 and 6.37 $\mu$g/g. Chromium and Nikle values followed similarly with values  as high as 3.68 and 3.12 $\mu$g/g wet weight.



Minerals concentrations level were \mbox{1.32\,\%}, 506.33 and 415.63 $\mu$g/g for phosphorous, iron and magnesium respectively.



Information obtained in the present study concluded that various Gram negative bacteria exist in the exoskeleton, hindgut and haemolymph of freshwater Crayfish as well as can be assist in developing quality standard for fresh Crayfish in Egypt and recommended rules for it is safety were mentioned.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} \textit{Aeromonas hydrophila}, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, \textit{Procambarus clarkii}
\index[key]{Procambarus clarkii@\textit{Procambarus clarkii}}
\index[key]{Atomic absorption spectrophotometer,Aeromonas hydrophila @\textit{Aeromonas hydrophila }}
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